Variety Name: Wrinkle Pancho commonly known as: cassia species: Haliotis (Hatiotis disws hannai Ino)
I. Overview of abalone
1. Biological Characteristics Abalone is widely distributed, and Haliotis discus hannai is mainly produced in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It is an abalone with relatively high economic value, and its output is also relatively large, accounting for about 70% of the total output of abalone. The whelk abalone shells are large and thick, with three layers of spirals, sutures and blunt shells. The shell edge has a row of protrusions, with 4-5 openings at the ends, and is in the shape of a tube. There is a groove parallel to the protrusions on the outside of the protrusions. Dark greenish brown shell, growth pattern is obvious, no large pleated shells and silvery white. Bao Ying’s life is inhabited by surrounding seaweeds, with clear water quality, smooth water circulation, and caves, and caves. It grows into variegated animals. Bao is a variegated animal. The food department is mainly composed of brown algae and eats green algae and red. Algae, diatoms, seed plants, and lower animals and plants. The color of the shell is usually closely related to the food it eats. 2. Economic traits Abalone is listed as the first of eight treasures. Its taste is delicious, tender and delicious, and it is rich in nutrients. It is analyzed by dry products, including protein 40%, liver sugar 33.7%, fat 0.9%, vitamins and other trace elements. In addition to fresh meat, Bao meat can also be made into a collection of dry products and various types of canned food.
Baocha, also known as Shi Ju Ming, is a multicolored Guang Yan nacre, which is a good raw material for fine decorations and shell carvings. What's more important is its medicinal value. The pharmacological effects of abalone can help the liver to clear away heat, nourishing yin and strengthening the yang, while abalone can reduce blood pressure. Bowenin I and Baolingsu II contained in abalone can strongly inhibit cancer. The role of cell growth.
2. Status Quo of aquaculture Due to its clear habitat, clear water quality, abundant algae, and the habits of flowing water in Changshi, natural abalone are distributed in the south of Lianyungang's Qiansan Island in the Huanghua Sea. Since the water depth of the city is not suitable for its growth, the existing abalone breeding method adopts aquaculture, that is, artificially purifying seawater, utilizing the characteristics of the constant temperature of the tunnel, intensive cultivation, and its main breeding site is mainly Shuidao Village of Liandao Town.
3. Economic analysis Abalone farming needs high-input, high-yield, and high-efficiency aquaculture projects. It has a long breeding cycle and high technical requirements. As a result, investment risk is high, but its high profit is still deeply appealing to breeding units. An example of aquaculture of 1 million abalones is used in the tunnels: 100 million head farms will raise abalone farms. The total investment is about 10 million yuan. Among them, the assets investment is more than 6.5 million yuan, the production cost is more than 3.6 million yuan, and the survival rate of breeding can reach 90%. Sales price of 400,000 yuan / T, then the sales income of up to 13.68 million yuan, total profits and taxes can be achieved more than 870 million, sales profit and tax rate of 63.35%, investment recovery period of 2.56 years.
In summary, it can be seen that the use of pits to cultivate abalone, if the technical measures are appropriate, the effective control of disease, its prospects are still broad.
Second, abalone breeding technology
1. Nursery conditions (1) Mature pro-Bau: healthy individuals without injury, shell length more than 6 cm; gonads look very full, enveloping the vast majority of digestive glands, gonads protruding from the margin, due to full of sperm cells The end becomes pure garden.
(2) pro-ba holding pool and young bait cultivation pool, to dark plastic sheeting.
(3) Collector: It is mainly made of transparent organic glass, polyethylene plastic algae board and film.
(4) Acquisition frame: It is made of reinforced steel, wrapped in thin film, or tied with fine bamboo.
2, the process of pro-Bao stocking?? artificially induced spawning ?? screening fertilized eggs? larvae collection and cultivation (sparsely divided up in time)?
For abalone breeding, bait is particularly important and must be prepared in advance. The larvae must be pre-attached with benthic diatoms or placed in a thin flat culture pond for several days before the larvae are collected, and then these adherent diatoms and unit cells are added. The algae harvester was moved into a larval culture pond to collect larvae later in the pan.
In the process of raising abalone, algae cultivation should be continuously strengthened. In addition to adding proper amount of nutrients in the larval culture pond, light is also enhanced to promote the reproduction rate of benthic diatoms, and the breeding population of benthic diatoms and the feeding of larvae or juvenile abalone. The balance is maintained. For this reason, fertilizers need to be added continuously. If the food is basically insufficient, replacement foods or bait plates should be added after changing the water to meet the larvae's intake.
3. Disease prevention and control of solitary diseases: Disease: The epithelial tissue of abalone is removed and the affected individuals are inactive. Severe illness mechanical stimulation does not respond. There are active bacteria in the blood, the body fades, the tentacles are weak, the visceral mass shrinks, the feet retract, and the abalone undergoes permanent death from metamorphosis to 1 cm, sometimes with a peak of death.
Pathogens: The red abalone is prone to gonorrhea in young hours, and the biochemical characteristics of isolated solitary bacteria are close to that of alginic acid solitary bacteria.
Time: Ordinary hyperthermia or hyperoxic proneness.
Prevention: Prevention: young abalone should be cultured in a suitable environment, the abalone can be used to dip drug wounds.
Treatment: 1) Immersion with chloramphenicol 25-50 ppm sea water for 0.5-1 hour, or dip with 1% solution of sulfamethoxazole in sea water for 5 minutes.
2) Rub the wound with chloramphenicol or sulfamethoxazole formulated in 5% sea water.
The above-mentioned drug treatment methods all require the abalone to be placed in the air for 10-15 minutes so that the liquid can fully infiltrate the lesion and be returned to seawater for rearing. If necessary, repeat the treatment on the second day.
Third, abalone cultivation techniques
1. Cultivation conditions The pros and cons of the natural conditions of Pacific oyster culture sea areas have a close relationship with their development.
(1) The topography of aquaculture area should be selected as a relatively flat beach, suitable for sediment and sediment, and easy to set up scaffolding and floating rafts. The deep water location in the inner bay or the reclamation area with a suitable amount of fresh water is ideal.
(2) Flows in the aquaculture area require smooth flow, good seawater exchange conditions, calm winds or waves that are not vulnerable to strong winds and waves.
(3) Water quality The seawater temperature should be a suitable range of 5 to 30 degrees for Pacific oysters; the specific gravity of seawater should be around 1.05-1.025.
(4) The bait culture area must be a fertile area to facilitate the reproduction of planktonic organisms in order to ensure that the oysters require abundant food organisms for their growth.
(5) There should be no serious industrial and agricultural pollution in the aquaculture sea area.
2. Develop the production process. Selection of breeding sea area → Determination of cultivation methods → Preparation of growing equipment → Establishment of cultivation facilities → Seed stocking → Cultivation management → Harvest processing
3. Introduction to the main cultivation methods (1) Direct cultivation methods Traditional culture methods such as stone-casting, bridge-breeding, stake-building, and bamboo culture. The common feature of these development methods is that the harvester is also a grower.
(2) The sub-seed raising method includes a variety of methods such as the beach culture, floatation or longline hanging culture, and monomer breeding. Compared with direct cultivation, these culture methods can artificially control the breeding density and effectively utilize the aquaculture waters. The short cycle time and high yield are the advanced methods of oyster breeding.
4. Beach culture: It is a relatively simple method for the cultivation of Pacific oysters on the tidal flat. The seedlings are sown at a certain density directly on the mudflats or on the sandy bottom of the sediment for growing.
Hanging type breeding is divided into:
1) Scaffolding: In the breeding area, bamboo, wood or cement piles shall be used to erect scaffolds, and the seedlings shall be hung on the scaffolds for cultivation.
2) Floating raft type: Floating rafts are set up in shallow seas. Floating Rafts are composed of bamboos and will be draped on a truss with fish.
3) Long-line type: In the shallow sea area, a floating raft is installed, and the appendage device is hung on a floating raft for breeding.
4) Hanging cage type: The multi-layer cage used for single-layer round cage culture scallops can be used to raise oysters.
In addition to this, Pacific oysters can also be mixed with shrimp and intercropped with algae such as kelp and wakame.
The bait relies entirely on the natural food organisms in the natural sea area, mainly monomonas.
Disease Prevention and Control In the production of Pacific oysters, fewer diseases occur. Carotomy is reported in foreign countries. The main hazards in domestic cultivation come from enemy organisms. One is competition organisms such as pleated oysters, barnacles, and moss. Insects, nymphs, etc. compete with each other for food, competition, and competition for oxygen; the other are residual food organisms such as snails, crabs, chivalrous beetles, scallops, etc., especially the last one is the most serious hazard. There is no effective prevention and control method.
Fourth, abalone harvesting and processing
1. Harvesting methods Abalone breeding and factory breeding are simple and easy to harvest, and they can be removed directly from the culture treaty or cultured corrugated board. The abalone harvested in the natural sea area is generally arranged during the summer and autumn when the water temperature is higher and seasons are convenient. Diving operations.
The standard adopted by abalone is generally about 9 centimeters in size, and up to 1 kilogram in weight for every 20 items.
2, processing technology abalone because of its rich nutrition, delicate and delicious, rich and popular, at present, mainly for export, that is, you can cook after washing, in addition can also be processed into dry goods or canned.
Dry processing: first remove the shells and visceral blocks of fresh products, add 7-8% of salt in the cylinder, remove them overnight, rinse the melanin and mucus around the feet, wash them, add water to the kettle, and use them for lifting. Put on the line and dry it on the mat.
Can making: China is commonly used as boiled cans, and abalone shelled, head and internal organs brushed clean after sealing Serve.
In agriculture, Estrous Synchronization is used (particularly in the dairy and beef industries) to facilitate breeding by artificial insemination. We have Progesterone Injection, Cloprostenol Sodium Injection and Testerone Propionate Injection and Estradiol Benzoate to solve farmers' different difficultites in aninal 's estrous synchronization.
Estrus Synchronization Medicine
Estrus Synchronization Medicine,Chorionic Gonadotropin for Animals,Estrous Synchronization,Estrus Synchronization for Vet
Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products Inc. , https://www.jxinstitute.com