The 22nd document issued by the State Council in 2010 officially announced on July 9 once again locked in the agricultural machinery industry. The "Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Machinery Industry" (herein referred to as the "Opinion") has made breakthroughs in many aspects and has solved the problems in the development of the agricultural machinery industry over the years. Misunderstanding is a programmatic document guiding the development of the agricultural machinery industry in the next period. In order to understand the relevant details of the "Opinions", the reporter visited the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission.
Interpretation 1: What is the background and significance of the "Opinions"?
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said in an interview that since the founding of New China, China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry have grown from nothing, and they have made considerable progress in the process of twists and turns. Especially after entering the new century, with the acceleration of employment transfer of rural labor, cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery, the promulgation and implementation of the “Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law†in 2004, and the implementation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policies in recent years, and continuously intensifying efforts, China’s agricultural mechanization And the speed of development of the agricultural machinery industry has accelerated significantly. By the end of 2009, the total agricultural machinery power was 875 million kilowatts, a five-fold increase over 1980; the level of comprehensive mechanization for major crops was 48.8%, an increase of 27.2 percentage points over 1980; the total output value of the national agricultural machinery industry was 226.5 billion yuan since 2004. It grows at an average annual rate of 20.5%. The development of the agricultural machinery industry and agricultural mechanization has made important contributions to the liberation of rural productivity and the promotion of agricultural modernization.
At present, China’s economy is undergoing a period of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. Agriculture is undergoing a crucial period of transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Changes in the input structure of agricultural production factors and agricultural production methods are undergoing profound changes. These are proposed for the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry. Higher requirements. In accordance with the instructions of the leading comrades of the State Council, the Development and Reform Commission, together with the relevant departments such as the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, drafted the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the sound and rapid development of the agricultural machinery industry on the basis of in-depth investigation and research and extensive listening to opinions from various parties. After the opinions were submitted to the State Council's executive meeting for deliberation and approval, the State Council officially issued the "Opinions" with the document Guofa [2010] No. 22.
Agricultural machinery is an important material basis for the development of modern agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization. Accelerating the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry will help improve the level of agricultural equipment, promote scientific and technological progress, and improve the conditions for agricultural production; it will help increase comprehensive agricultural production capacity, transform agricultural production methods, and accelerate the construction of modern agriculture; and it will help speed up the restructuring of the agricultural machinery industry. Improve the ability of independent innovation, promote the upgrading of the agricultural machinery industry; help develop the agricultural service system and rural service industry, drive agricultural investment, and stimulate rural consumer demand.
Interpretation 2: What are the problems with China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry development? What are the prospects for further development?
According to the person in charge, the major problems in the development of China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry are: the overall level of agricultural mechanization is not high. It is equivalent to the level of Japan and South Korea in the mid to late 1970s. The ratio of power machinery to tools is only developed countries. There is a big gap in the level of agricultural mechanization in different regions and in different crops and operations; the agronomy and integration of agricultural machinery is not tight enough, which restricts the development of agricultural mechanization; weak public services such as the promotion of agricultural mechanization technology and safe use of agricultural machinery, sales and maintenance of agricultural machinery Service systems such as spare parts supply are not perfect; the agricultural machinery industry sells at a low price and operates at a low profit rate, and the production value per ton of steel is less than half of that in the auto industry. The capacity for independent innovation is not strong, the manufacturing level is not high, and the product structure is unreasonable. The issuance of "Opinions" by the State Council is to solve these problems.
There are many favorable conditions for the accelerated development of China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry. First, with continuous increase in labor costs, agricultural operations have entered an important stage where machinery replaces manpower; second, changes in the structure of agricultural machinery, large-scale substitution of medium-sized and medium-sized alternatives to small, small-scale alternatives to human and animal power trends are obvious, and the agricultural machinery market has broad prospects; Cooperatives and other social service organizations continue to emerge, which solves the problem of household contracting management and adapts to mechanized production; Fourth, the improvement of manufacturing capacity of agricultural machinery has laid the foundation for meeting the needs of agricultural mechanization; Fifth, the country’s comprehensive national strength has been enhanced to provide support for the development of agricultural mechanization. It's possible.
Interpretation 3: How should we understand the guiding ideology, basic principles, and main goals for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery proposed in the Opinions?
The guiding ideology proposed in the "Opinions" is also the general requirement for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry in the coming period. On the one hand, it emphasizes that we must thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, fully implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization, and adhere to the path of agricultural mechanization with Chinese characteristics; on the other hand, we must emphasize efforts to promote technological innovation, organizational innovation, and institutional innovation, and focus on We will promote the coordinated development of farm machinery, agronomy, and agricultural management methods, focus on strengthening the construction of a socialized service system for agricultural machinery, and strive to improve the innovation capability and manufacturing level of the agricultural machinery industry and further increase policy support.
The "Opinions" put forward four principles for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry. According to the characteristics of different regions, different technical routes will be adopted, and places with conditions will be encouraged to take the lead in realizing agricultural mechanization. The second is key breakthroughs and all-round development. To promote the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and achieve major equipment and technology breakthroughs, etc., to accelerate the mechanization of large crops, key production links. The third is to encourage innovation and improve the mechanism. We will innovate the forms of agricultural services, improve the service mechanism for the socialization of agricultural machinery, speed up the construction of a modern enterprise system for the agricultural machinery industry, and build a technological innovation platform with the enterprise as the core. The fourth is market guidance and government support. Guided by the market demand, it will guide the input of social capital, technology, and talents, continue to increase support, mobilize the R&D production of enterprises and the enthusiasm of farmers for purchasing machines.
The Opinions proposed two stages of development goals for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry. First, by 2015, the total power of agricultural machinery will reach 1 billion kilowatts, and the level of comprehensive mechanization of major crops will be more than 55%; a coordinated and effective platform for independent innovation in the agricultural machinery industry will be established to form a number of products and technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and some products will achieve International advanced level. Second, by 2020, the total agricultural machinery power will stabilize at 1.2 billion kilowatts, and the level of comprehensive mechanization for the main crops will reach 65%; the agricultural machinery industry will have a technological innovation system that will form a number of large-scale enterprise groups with international competitiveness and brand influence. Basically build a modern agricultural circulation system and improve the agricultural service network.
Interpretation 4: What are the main tasks for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry at present and for some time to come?
In order to realize the goal of agricultural mechanization and development of agricultural machinery industry, the "Opinions" clearly define the main tasks for the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry at present and in the future.
In terms of promoting the development of agricultural mechanization, the Opinions clarify six major tasks. The first is to accelerate the process of agricultural mechanization in key regions. The second is to promote the coordinated development of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The third is to promote the construction of agricultural service organizations and socialized services. The fourth is to strengthen the training of practical agricultural mechanization personnel. The fifth is to strengthen the promotion of agricultural mechanization technology. Sixth, we must strengthen the supervision and management of the safe use of agricultural machinery.
Relevant person in charge specifically pointed out that in promoting the development of the agricultural machinery industry, the "Opinions" also clarified six major tasks: promote the reform of the agricultural machinery industry, focus on resolving the structural contradictions of agricultural machinery products, enhance the scientific and technological innovation capacity of the agricultural machinery industry, and increase the level of manufacturing of the agricultural machinery industry. And product quality, build a modern agricultural circulation system, expand the international cooperation of agricultural machinery industry.
Interpretation 5: What kind of supportive policies have been put forward by the "Opinions" for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry?
The "Opinions" emphasizes the continued implementation of the current support policies and continues to intensify their efforts. They have also proposed some new supportive policies, which mainly include the following five aspects: First, intensify financial support. We will continue to implement the subsidy policy for agricultural machinery purchases, and appropriately support the purchase of large-horsepower tractors and large-scale sprinklers and other agricultural machinery that are not yet mass-produced domestically in suitable regions, gradually increase the support for the promotion of major mechanization of agricultural mechanization, and implement pilot subsidy for agricultural machinery operations in suitable regions, and actively carry out The agricultural machinery insurance business will increase the capacity of the agricultural machinery industry in technological innovation, the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and the input of technology and intelligence. The investment in technological transformation of the state shall give tilt and support to the technological transformation of the agricultural machinery industry.
The second is to improve the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy system. Improve management measures for purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery, simplify examination and approval procedures for purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery, improve management system for dealers, and prohibit distribution of subsidized products through establishment of companies by means of agricultural mechanization institutions, further expand the range of subsidy products at the provincial level, and shorten the time limit for settlement of subsidy funds. Seriously investigate and punish irregularities and protect farmers' right to choose and bargaining power.
The third is to strengthen and improve financial services. Further strengthen the credit support to farmers and agricultural machinery service organizations, and actively promote the agricultural machinery mortgage loan business. Provide credit support for technological transformation, new product development, and construction of agricultural machinery circulation facilities of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises that meet industrial policies and credit principles. Small and medium agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises can enjoy the relevant policies of the state to support the development of SMEs. Innovative enterprise pilots tilted toward agricultural machinery manufacturing companies.
The fourth is to implement the preferential tax and fee policy. We will continue to exempt enterprise income tax for agricultural machinery and farm irrigation and drainage and irrigation services business tax, agricultural machinery operation and maintenance service items. Continuing to collect vehicle tolls for vehicles operating on cross-regional combine harvesters and transport combine harvesters (including transplanters). Further implement the pre-tax deduction policy for corporate R&D investment. For the new and large-horsepower agricultural machinery equipment and products supported by the production countries, it is really necessary to import key spare parts and raw materials, and they are exempt from customs duties and import value-added tax. The preferential policies for income tax shall be applied to agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises that are among the state's key high-tech enterprises. The wholesale and retail agricultural machinery is exempt from the VAT policy.
Fifth, support the construction of agricultural mechanization infrastructure. The basic agricultural machinery extension system, machine-cultivation roads, irrigation and drainage and drought-resistant facilities were included in the corresponding plans, and conservation tillage project construction plans and agricultural mechanization promotion projects were implemented. Agricultural machinery cooperatives were actively supported in the planning, land use, etc. to build agricultural parking parks. shed). We will increase investment support for the construction of infrastructure for scientific research and development of agricultural machinery. The circulation of agricultural machinery will be incorporated into the construction plan of the rural market system and support for the construction of agricultural machinery circulation infrastructure.
Interpretation 1: What is the background and significance of the "Opinions"?
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said in an interview that since the founding of New China, China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry have grown from nothing, and they have made considerable progress in the process of twists and turns. Especially after entering the new century, with the acceleration of employment transfer of rural labor, cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery, the promulgation and implementation of the “Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law†in 2004, and the implementation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policies in recent years, and continuously intensifying efforts, China’s agricultural mechanization And the speed of development of the agricultural machinery industry has accelerated significantly. By the end of 2009, the total agricultural machinery power was 875 million kilowatts, a five-fold increase over 1980; the level of comprehensive mechanization for major crops was 48.8%, an increase of 27.2 percentage points over 1980; the total output value of the national agricultural machinery industry was 226.5 billion yuan since 2004. It grows at an average annual rate of 20.5%. The development of the agricultural machinery industry and agricultural mechanization has made important contributions to the liberation of rural productivity and the promotion of agricultural modernization.
At present, China’s economy is undergoing a period of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. Agriculture is undergoing a crucial period of transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Changes in the input structure of agricultural production factors and agricultural production methods are undergoing profound changes. These are proposed for the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry. Higher requirements. In accordance with the instructions of the leading comrades of the State Council, the Development and Reform Commission, together with the relevant departments such as the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, drafted the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the sound and rapid development of the agricultural machinery industry on the basis of in-depth investigation and research and extensive listening to opinions from various parties. After the opinions were submitted to the State Council's executive meeting for deliberation and approval, the State Council officially issued the "Opinions" with the document Guofa [2010] No. 22.
Agricultural machinery is an important material basis for the development of modern agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization. Accelerating the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry will help improve the level of agricultural equipment, promote scientific and technological progress, and improve the conditions for agricultural production; it will help increase comprehensive agricultural production capacity, transform agricultural production methods, and accelerate the construction of modern agriculture; and it will help speed up the restructuring of the agricultural machinery industry. Improve the ability of independent innovation, promote the upgrading of the agricultural machinery industry; help develop the agricultural service system and rural service industry, drive agricultural investment, and stimulate rural consumer demand.
Interpretation 2: What are the problems with China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry development? What are the prospects for further development?
According to the person in charge, the major problems in the development of China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry are: the overall level of agricultural mechanization is not high. It is equivalent to the level of Japan and South Korea in the mid to late 1970s. The ratio of power machinery to tools is only developed countries. There is a big gap in the level of agricultural mechanization in different regions and in different crops and operations; the agronomy and integration of agricultural machinery is not tight enough, which restricts the development of agricultural mechanization; weak public services such as the promotion of agricultural mechanization technology and safe use of agricultural machinery, sales and maintenance of agricultural machinery Service systems such as spare parts supply are not perfect; the agricultural machinery industry sells at a low price and operates at a low profit rate, and the production value per ton of steel is less than half of that in the auto industry. The capacity for independent innovation is not strong, the manufacturing level is not high, and the product structure is unreasonable. The issuance of "Opinions" by the State Council is to solve these problems.
There are many favorable conditions for the accelerated development of China's agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry. First, with continuous increase in labor costs, agricultural operations have entered an important stage where machinery replaces manpower; second, changes in the structure of agricultural machinery, large-scale substitution of medium-sized and medium-sized alternatives to small, small-scale alternatives to human and animal power trends are obvious, and the agricultural machinery market has broad prospects; Cooperatives and other social service organizations continue to emerge, which solves the problem of household contracting management and adapts to mechanized production; Fourth, the improvement of manufacturing capacity of agricultural machinery has laid the foundation for meeting the needs of agricultural mechanization; Fifth, the country’s comprehensive national strength has been enhanced to provide support for the development of agricultural mechanization. It's possible.
Interpretation 3: How should we understand the guiding ideology, basic principles, and main goals for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery proposed in the Opinions?
The guiding ideology proposed in the "Opinions" is also the general requirement for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry in the coming period. On the one hand, it emphasizes that we must thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, fully implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization, and adhere to the path of agricultural mechanization with Chinese characteristics; on the other hand, we must emphasize efforts to promote technological innovation, organizational innovation, and institutional innovation, and focus on We will promote the coordinated development of farm machinery, agronomy, and agricultural management methods, focus on strengthening the construction of a socialized service system for agricultural machinery, and strive to improve the innovation capability and manufacturing level of the agricultural machinery industry and further increase policy support.
The "Opinions" put forward four principles for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry. According to the characteristics of different regions, different technical routes will be adopted, and places with conditions will be encouraged to take the lead in realizing agricultural mechanization. The second is key breakthroughs and all-round development. To promote the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and achieve major equipment and technology breakthroughs, etc., to accelerate the mechanization of large crops, key production links. The third is to encourage innovation and improve the mechanism. We will innovate the forms of agricultural services, improve the service mechanism for the socialization of agricultural machinery, speed up the construction of a modern enterprise system for the agricultural machinery industry, and build a technological innovation platform with the enterprise as the core. The fourth is market guidance and government support. Guided by the market demand, it will guide the input of social capital, technology, and talents, continue to increase support, mobilize the R&D production of enterprises and the enthusiasm of farmers for purchasing machines.
The Opinions proposed two stages of development goals for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry. First, by 2015, the total power of agricultural machinery will reach 1 billion kilowatts, and the level of comprehensive mechanization of major crops will be more than 55%; a coordinated and effective platform for independent innovation in the agricultural machinery industry will be established to form a number of products and technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and some products will achieve International advanced level. Second, by 2020, the total agricultural machinery power will stabilize at 1.2 billion kilowatts, and the level of comprehensive mechanization for the main crops will reach 65%; the agricultural machinery industry will have a technological innovation system that will form a number of large-scale enterprise groups with international competitiveness and brand influence. Basically build a modern agricultural circulation system and improve the agricultural service network.
Interpretation 4: What are the main tasks for the promotion of agricultural mechanization and the development of the agricultural machinery industry at present and for some time to come?
In order to realize the goal of agricultural mechanization and development of agricultural machinery industry, the "Opinions" clearly define the main tasks for the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry at present and in the future.
In terms of promoting the development of agricultural mechanization, the Opinions clarify six major tasks. The first is to accelerate the process of agricultural mechanization in key regions. The second is to promote the coordinated development of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The third is to promote the construction of agricultural service organizations and socialized services. The fourth is to strengthen the training of practical agricultural mechanization personnel. The fifth is to strengthen the promotion of agricultural mechanization technology. Sixth, we must strengthen the supervision and management of the safe use of agricultural machinery.
Relevant person in charge specifically pointed out that in promoting the development of the agricultural machinery industry, the "Opinions" also clarified six major tasks: promote the reform of the agricultural machinery industry, focus on resolving the structural contradictions of agricultural machinery products, enhance the scientific and technological innovation capacity of the agricultural machinery industry, and increase the level of manufacturing of the agricultural machinery industry. And product quality, build a modern agricultural circulation system, expand the international cooperation of agricultural machinery industry.
Interpretation 5: What kind of supportive policies have been put forward by the "Opinions" for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry?
The "Opinions" emphasizes the continued implementation of the current support policies and continues to intensify their efforts. They have also proposed some new supportive policies, which mainly include the following five aspects: First, intensify financial support. We will continue to implement the subsidy policy for agricultural machinery purchases, and appropriately support the purchase of large-horsepower tractors and large-scale sprinklers and other agricultural machinery that are not yet mass-produced domestically in suitable regions, gradually increase the support for the promotion of major mechanization of agricultural mechanization, and implement pilot subsidy for agricultural machinery operations in suitable regions, and actively carry out The agricultural machinery insurance business will increase the capacity of the agricultural machinery industry in technological innovation, the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and the input of technology and intelligence. The investment in technological transformation of the state shall give tilt and support to the technological transformation of the agricultural machinery industry.
The second is to improve the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy system. Improve management measures for purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery, simplify examination and approval procedures for purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery, improve management system for dealers, and prohibit distribution of subsidized products through establishment of companies by means of agricultural mechanization institutions, further expand the range of subsidy products at the provincial level, and shorten the time limit for settlement of subsidy funds. Seriously investigate and punish irregularities and protect farmers' right to choose and bargaining power.
The third is to strengthen and improve financial services. Further strengthen the credit support to farmers and agricultural machinery service organizations, and actively promote the agricultural machinery mortgage loan business. Provide credit support for technological transformation, new product development, and construction of agricultural machinery circulation facilities of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises that meet industrial policies and credit principles. Small and medium agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises can enjoy the relevant policies of the state to support the development of SMEs. Innovative enterprise pilots tilted toward agricultural machinery manufacturing companies.
The fourth is to implement the preferential tax and fee policy. We will continue to exempt enterprise income tax for agricultural machinery and farm irrigation and drainage and irrigation services business tax, agricultural machinery operation and maintenance service items. Continuing to collect vehicle tolls for vehicles operating on cross-regional combine harvesters and transport combine harvesters (including transplanters). Further implement the pre-tax deduction policy for corporate R&D investment. For the new and large-horsepower agricultural machinery equipment and products supported by the production countries, it is really necessary to import key spare parts and raw materials, and they are exempt from customs duties and import value-added tax. The preferential policies for income tax shall be applied to agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises that are among the state's key high-tech enterprises. The wholesale and retail agricultural machinery is exempt from the VAT policy.
Fifth, support the construction of agricultural mechanization infrastructure. The basic agricultural machinery extension system, machine-cultivation roads, irrigation and drainage and drought-resistant facilities were included in the corresponding plans, and conservation tillage project construction plans and agricultural mechanization promotion projects were implemented. Agricultural machinery cooperatives were actively supported in the planning, land use, etc. to build agricultural parking parks. shed). We will increase investment support for the construction of infrastructure for scientific research and development of agricultural machinery. The circulation of agricultural machinery will be incorporated into the construction plan of the rural market system and support for the construction of agricultural machinery circulation infrastructure.
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