Causes of Physiological Diseases in Greenhouse Vegetables

The occurrence of various physiological diseases in greenhouse cultivation has long been mistaken for the lack of soil.

The actual situation is: the amount of fertilizer applied in greenhouse cultivation, whether it is organic fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertilizer and other available fertilizers, the use of these fertilizers is far more than the amount of fertilizer in the field, generally 3-8 times the amount of fertilizer in the field. Times; while the amount of water used for facility cultivation is only about one-half of the amount of rainfall in the field. In field cultivation, when the amount of fertilizer is small, the amount of water is large, and the loss of fertilizer is heavy, no physiological disease such as a deficiency or a deficiency disease occurs. Is it the lack of fertilizer elements in soils that are cultivated with a large amount of fertilizer, a small amount of water, and a light fertilizer? On the contrary, according to soil tests, the vast majority of fertilizers in the vast majority of facilities are significantly higher. Why do plant crops frequently suffer from physiological diseases such as deficiency of nutrients?

In essence, various physiological diseases that occur in greenhouse cultivation are not caused by lack of soil. The main cause of its morbidity is low temperature, low light, especially caused by low ground temperature. Because of the low ground temperature, crop roots are less, rooting is shallow, roots are aged, root activity is low, and physiological functions are deregulated. In addition, erroneous management methods worsen the greenhouse cultivation environment, resulting in soil compaction, high concentration of soil solution, severe oxygen deficiency in the soil, etc. These comprehensive factors are also the inducement of various physiological diseases.

The reason is that the vast majority of greenhouse managers, who neglected the ecological environment conditions of the cultivation of the facilities, have been different from the open fields, and management according to the open-air requirements will inevitably deteriorate the ecological environment in the greenhouse.

First of all, the soil temperature in greenhouse cultivation is usually 5°C-8°C lower than the indoor air temperature in the general daytime. The temperature of the soil in the greenhouse can be about 10°C lower than the air temperature, and the deep soil temperature is lower. Under such conditions, the vast majority of managers are adopting low-temperature management according to the management requirements of Daejeon and regulating indoor temperature within the range of 25°C to 28°C. As a result, the soil temperature ranged from 13°C to 23°C. There are more than 20 hours in a day and night, and the soil temperature is lower than 18°C, which is about 15°C lower than the soil temperature of 28°C-34°C which is the most suitable for the development of roots of melons and fruits and vegetables. Especially after entering the winter, or In cloudy snow weather, the ground temperature is even lower.

Lower soil temperature is not conducive to the growth and development of crop roots, resulting in less rooting, shallow rooting, poor root absorption, and low physiological activity. This will not only cause the occurrence of various physiological diseases! In severe cases, roots and dead roots will also cause death of crops.

In contrast to field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation, the soil temperature is generally 1°C-3°C higher than the air temperature and the soil temperature is mostly maintained at 25°C-37°C after the summer season. Higher soil temperatures can promote root development, increase rooting, increase root activity, and promote root absorption, transformation, and utilization of water and nutrient elements. As a result, the deficiency of the disease is rare and other physiological diseases rarely occur.

Secondly, in greenhouse cultivation, most managers still follow the management method of Daejeon to apply top-dressing chemical fertilizers combined with irrigation for top dressing, without cultivating loose soil, or with little cultivator, soil compaction, high concentration of soil solution, and lack of oxygen. . Such harsh soil environmental conditions inhibit root respiration and physiological activity, aging roots, lack of new or few roots, poor root activity, and poor absorptive capacity. This inevitably induces various physiological diseases such as deficiency syndromes. happened.


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