In recent years, in some vegetable growing areas, due to the cultivation of the same vegetable year after year in greenhouses, large amounts of chemical fertilizers have been used, and soil organic fertilizers have been lacking, damping-off, damping-off, root rot, blight, gray mold, and bacterial wilt. Soil-borne diseases are getting worse. For the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases
To solve this problem through soil treatment and irrigating roots, that is, prevent its occurrence from the source.
There are many types of soil-borne diseases
There are many kinds of pests and diseases of vegetables, and the pathogens can be classified into infective diseases and non-invasive diseases (physiological diseases). Soil-borne diseases are basically infectious diseases, but there are also some non-invasive physiological diseases caused by soil barriers.
Soil-borne diseases mainly include damping-off and blight of various vegetable seedlings, wilt disease of melons, fruits and legumes, verticillium wilt of eggplant, and bacterial wilt of eggplant fruits; cucumbers and celery. Root knot nematode disease of fungus; soft rot of Chinese cabbage; stem blight of asparagus, etc.
In addition to damping-off and damping-off, these diseases occur mostly at the seedling stage. Most of the seedlings occur insignificantly and generally begin when vegetative growth is transferred to reproductive growth (flowering results) until the late growth stage when the host is infected. The incubation period is longer in the body.
Major hazards to roots and stems
Pathogens of soil-borne diseases are mainly wintered in the soil (summer), and rely on soil humus and residual twigs to survive. The survival time in the soil is longer. Generally, fusarium wilt pathogens can survive in the soil for 5 to 6 years. The soil habitual bacteria.
Pathogenic bacteria of soil-borne diseases are generally transmitted through soil, fertilizer (organic fertilizer), irrigation water, or flowing water, and are not transmitted through airflow as infectious diseases. The harmful parts of infectious diseases are mainly leaves, stems, flowers and fruits, while the main parts of soil-borne diseases are
The roots and stems of the plants are first immersed in the vascular bundles of the host plants and gradually extend upwards. The pathogens multiply in the vascular bundles, hindering their transmission of nutrients, causing the plants to wither and die in a short period of time, which is a devastating disease and difficult to control.
To solve through soil treatment and irrigation
Prevention and control of soil-borne diseases should be based on the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, make full use of the advantages of greenhouse cultivation, improve cultivation conditions, and create an environment that is not conducive to the survival and dissemination of soilborne pathogens, combined with science, rationality, safety, Effective drug control, there are
Effectively suppresses and mitigates the occurrence and harm of soil-borne diseases.
Strict implementation of the crop rotation: Practice has proved that crop rotation is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control soil-borne diseases. Solanaceae, cucurbit crops and cruciferous or leguminous crops were rotated, the effect was more obvious; cruciferous crops and onion, alfalfa, garlic rotations, the effect is also more significant.
Implement soil disinfection: soil sterilize before ploughing, before planting, or before transplanting seedlings, use 50% carbendazim WP 2.5 to 3 kg per acre and apply it to the soil surface and plow till it is done. . Can also be used per acre Li Bogen, Li Kuning, enemy cough, thiophanate-methyl WP
2~3 grams of agent, spread or spray.
Implementation of seedbed disinfection from September to December coincides with the eggplant, cucumber and other nursery period, at this time to be well equipped with seedbed soil. 60% of garden soil (plant garden soil not grown in the same crop last year), 35% of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 4% of sawdust, 0.5% of carbendazim, and 0.5% of urea (compound fertilizer)
After fully mixing, seal it for 10~15 days. 65% of the seedbed soil is laid on the bottom of the seedbed, and the thickness is 4 to 5 cm. After plating, 8 ml of 30% Remiform water solution is applied to the water and 16 kg of the seedlings are sprayed on a bed of 8 to 10 m 2 and planted 2 to 3 hours after application. After the broadcast, the remaining 35% of the seedbed covers will be covered
On the surface of the seedbed, it is 1.5 to 2 cm thick and then sprayed with a 500-fold solution of carbendazim WP. This can effectively prevent damping-off and damping-off during seedling stage, and at the same time, it can prevent the infestation of latent blight, verticillium wilt, stem rot, root rot and other pathogenic bacteria in the seedling stage.
The nutritious earthworm seedlings should be properly prepared and the nutrient soil should be properly prepared. After the nutritious soil is installed, the nutrient soil should be thoroughly sprayed with 30% Ruimiao water solution 2000~2500 times, and when the seedlings of the eggplant and other plants have 2 to 3 true leaves. Timely leave into the pods and wait until the cucumbers and other cotyledons begin to turn green.
Hey. Cover the membrane and shade net on the small arch. Cover 3 to 5 days, then cover the night. Control the temperature and humidity of the seedbed and cultivate strong seedlings. The criteria for strong seedlings are short and thick stems, tight internodes, large and thick leaves, thick green leaves, and thick roots.
Deep pour soil is used to deepen the soil in the greenhouse by about 25 centimeters, and then expose it for 3 to 5 days to weather the soil and sterilize it at high temperatures to improve the soil environment so that the roots of the crop are deep and leafy and the disease resistance of the crop is enhanced.
The deep ditch sorghum cultivation is best for deep ditch sorghum cultivation. The ditch depth is 15 to 20 cm and the ditch width is 30 cm. The sorghum surface is made into a turtle shape so that the field will not collect water, which is conducive to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
Appropriate application of lime because most of the soil-borne pathogens have the habit of hi acidic soil, so it can be combined with ploughing soil, 50-75 kg of lime per acre applied to the soil tillage layer, adjust the pH value of the soil to 6.5-7, which is unfavorable to Qing Blight, blight, Verticillium wilt, soft
Soil environment in which rot and root rot pathogens survive and multiply.
High-temperature irrigation boring sheds in the summer during the shed change time, the high temperature (about 50 °C) irrigation boring shed about 10 days, can effectively eliminate a large number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil.
Drug prevention and control must strictly follow the principle of "disease-free prevention, prevention first". Soil-borne diseases should not be controlled by foliar spray, but root-drenching should be adopted. In the absence of disease or early onset, the water was used to irrigate the roots with 2000 to 2500 times of Rui Miao Qing Shui.
100 to 150 ml, once every 7 to 10 days, even irrigation 3 to 4 times. 40% root rot WP 600 to 800 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times and 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 3500~4000 Double liquid alternately roots,
It can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases such as blight, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, root rot, and stem rot. The control of root-knot nematode disease can be applied with 10% of Good New Year's Winter granules per acre for 2 kg or applied to plants around the ditch.
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