Efficient cultivation technology of Dutch chicory

1 CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS Chicory is a variant of wild chicory, which is rooted like carrots. Leaves are rooted, alternate, long and oblanceolate, apex acute, leaf margin dentate, deeply lobed or entire. Stems erect, ribbed, hollow, many branched. Head, corolla lingulate, blue-blue, polypistode blue. Achenes are ribbed and apically lobed. Seeds are small, brown, shiny and have a grain weight of about 1.5g. Chicory is extremely resistant, more resistant to drought, cold, like the cool climate and plenty of light and fertile soil. Chicory can grow in other seasons except in winter when the temperature is too low. Softening cultivation uses chicory to grow in summer and autumn, forming non-balling rosette leaves and hypertrophic fleshy roots. By late autumn and early winter, rosette leaves are removed and fleshy The roots are soft-grown under conditions similar to the production of yellow husks to form softened chicory shoots. Softening cultivation requires a dark environment, the temperature is generally controlled at 10 ~ 20 °C. 2 Nutritional value Each 100 g fresh chicory balls contains 24.48 mg of calcium, 24.12 mg of phosphorus, 0.934 mg of iron, 0.793 mg of zinc, 3.51 mg of Vc, 0.043 mg of β-carotene, and 680 mg of protein. Chicory contains bitter substances such as horse chestnut bark, horse chestnut bark, bitter lettuce, and bitter alkaloid that are not found in ordinary vegetables and has the effects of clearing the liver, gallbladder, and nourishing stomach. 3 Efficient cultivation techniques 3.1 The reasonable choice of plots of chicory is a dry crop, and it is necessary to choose a plot that is easily accessible and close to the water source. Requires loose texture, fine soil particles, good air permeability, sand or sandy loam with a pH of 6.5-7. 3.2 Choosing good varieties According to the years of cultivation in our country, the seeds imported from the Netherlands are generally used. The varieties are Fogus, Tabor, Vintor, etc. It is easy to cultivate and manage. 3.3 Do a good job of planning ahead of time for sowing, and establish an internal and external ditch system. Open a horizontal groove at a length of 30m, width 35cm, depth 35cm; establish a backbone vertical groove every 10 inches, width 30 ~ 40cm, depth 40cm; gutter width 40cm, depth 50cm; outside the trench depth 80 ~100cm to ensure smooth drainage. Early land ploughing, application of basal fertilizer, Mushi potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg; north and south to do sorghum, sorghum surface width 90cm, broadcast 3 lines, groove width 30cm, depth 30cm or more, enhance soil permeability. 3.4 Timely precision sowing 3.4.1 Timely sowing According to the planting experience in recent years, the best sowing date for our land is from July 25th to August 15th. Sowing too early will lead to convulsions in advance, and vegetative growth will be transformed into reproductive growth, losing the effect of fleshy roots; sowing too late, damaged roots and winters, affect the quality of fleshy roots. 3.4.2 The seeds are sown on the pods and drilled at a row spacing of 30 cm. Generally, 50 to 60 g (2.5 to 30,000 granules) per mu are used. 3.4.3 sowing method Planting a large area sowing seeding machine, sowing depth of 1cm, check the coverage thickness after sowing. In the event of rain, it can be supplemented manually. 3.4.4 Timely coverage After sowing, first water, then cover the grass. After the cover, pay attention to check the seedling emergence and humidity conditions, timely remove the cover, and prevent the high foot seedlings. This will prevent the effect of high-temperature exposure and heavy rain erosion on chicory to ensure Miao Qi and Miao uniform. 3.4.5 Timely seedlings The first time the seedlings are carried out in the 5-6 leaf stage with 6-7 cm spacing, and the seedlings to be removed are gently cut with a knife; the second seedlings are carried out in the 9-10 leaf stage with a spacing of 13- 15cm, can gently remove the seedling root. At the same time combined with Qinggou, loose soil, weeding. 3,5 Timely and reasonably top-dressing In the mid-growth period of chicory, the leaf color fades. For poorly growing plots, follow up with a small amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 5 kg of mu, or use an amino acid high-efficiency liquid fertilizer for extra-root dressing, and avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers. 3.6 Timely Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases The main diseases of chicory include mosaic disease, yellowing disease, sclerotinia, powdery mildew, and rust. Therefore, continuous cropping should be performed before the soil is cultivated. The main pests that endanger chicory are the underground pests and the nocturnal moth pests. During the site preparation, phoxim or butylthiocarb was used to prevent and control underground pests. In late September, agricultural land was used to prevent and control pests such as Spodoptera litura.

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