Golden mushroom cultivation techniques

Flammulina velutipes is extremely rich in nutrients. It has the reputation of increasing the capacity of mushroom and mushroom, and is a famous mushroom in the world. It has now developed into the third largest mushroom. Due to the development of hotpot industry in Sichuan and Chongqing, the mushroom consumption is huge. With abundant raw materials and strong technical strength, it has developed into the largest production area of ​​yellow needle mushroom in the country.

First, choose a good strain

In the Sichuan area, the main cultivar of Flammulina velutipes is yellow (strain) Flammulina velutipes, and the main cultivars are mainly Flammulina velutipes 12, P951 and F411, and Jinza 19, Chuanjin l, Jinsi, Jinzhen 8 and 9, etc. Less cultivation. In addition, there is also a small amount of white gold mushroom production in Sichuan, and the most suitable varieties are F21 and Baixue.

Second, arrange the cultivation season

At present, the mushroom cultivation is generally cultivated using natural climatic conditions, and the production season must be arranged according to the climatic conditions and species characteristics of various regions. The current fruiting temperature of the main push varieties in our province belongs to the low temperature type, so it is better to arrange the production season as much as possible so that the mushrooming time is in the period of 8 to 17°C. In Ganzi, Aba and other places due to its low natural temperatures and the use of frozen storage and other facilities for the cultivation of the annual production. The back-season cultivation time is usually from May to September, and the preparation of strains is mostly completed in January-March, and the production and cultivation of the mushroom bags are carried out in March-June.

(1) Cultivation season

The use of natural temperature cultivation of needle mushrooms, select the appropriate production season is an important part of high quality and high yield. ?
Flammulina is a low-temperature type of mycelium, mycelial growth range of 7 ~ 30 °C, the best 23 °C; fruiting body development and adaptation range of 3 ~ 18 °C, with 12 ~ 13 °C growth is best. Temperatures below 3°C will turn maltose and malformed mushrooms appear. ?
Artificial cultivation should be based on local natural temperatures. In the late autumn in the south and in the middle of the autumn in the north, the natural temperature can be fully utilized and the mycelia can be cultivated. After the physiology of mycelium matures, the weather gradually cools and the temperature drops, which is suitable for the low temperature climate where the fruit body grows and develops. Jiangnan provinces are usually inoculated from October to November, after about 1 month of bacterial culture, until 11 to 12 months into the mushroom. The mountains with lower altitudes and the provinces north of the Yangtze River can be inoculated ahead of schedule in September and harvested in November; they can also be inoculated in early spring to warm the spring mushroom. In low-altitude Pingchuan areas, vaccination should be delayed. In order to solve the demand of the summer mushroom market, cold storage can be used to produce mushroom.

Third, put a good bag clearance

In the production of mushroom mushroom bag, it is necessary to handle the ingredients, bagging, sterilization, inoculation and other links, not only to meet the nutritional requirements of mushroom, but also to control the pollution, produce a pure mushroom strains of bacteria, strong mycelium Accumulation of nutrients is sufficient to achieve high yields and good quality, and finally obtain better economic benefits. (4) Bagging Sterilization Use a plastic bag with a width of 15 to 17 centimeters and a length of 33 centimeters to produce a single mushroom, or a 15 to 17 centimeter wide and 55 centimeter long plastic bag. When the bag is loaded, the edges are compacted and the ends are tied with a string to form a slip knot. According to conventional methods of high pressure or atmospheric pressure sterilization.
1. Reasonable ingredients: In the ingredients, pay attention to four points. 1 Whether cotton hulls, waste cotton, corn cobs, and mixed wood chips are the main materials, or distiller's grains, bagasse, husks, etc. are used as the main materials for cultivating enoki mushroom, there must be no mildew and certain organic nitrogen sources should be added. , Such as rice bran, wheat drum, corn flour; 7 with distiller's grains, straw, sawdust, husks, etc. as the main material, do not carry out certain treatment, such as chaff, straw to be soaked and softened, mixed wood chips to go through six months More than the above time of the sun and rain, etc.; 2 the moisture content of culture materials should be 60-65%, the water should be slightly biased, but not too much or too wet, to dry and wet evenly; 4 with good materials after the fashion bag.
(3) raw material ratio?
1 cotton husk 100 kg, wheat bran 20 kg, corn flour 5 kg, gypsum powder 2 kg, superphosphate 1 kg, sugar 1 kg. ?
2 corn cob (crush) 75 kg, wheat bran 20 kg, corn flour 3.5 kg, gypsum powder 2 kg, soybean surface 1.5 kg, superphosphate 1 kg, sugar 1 kg. ?
Most crop straws such as sorghum husks, sawdust, peanut husks, bean stalks, corn stalks, and rape stalks can be used instead of the corn cob in the formula after crushing. However, no matter which raw materials are used, they must be fresh, clean, and free of mildew. ?
According to the proportion of good raw materials, in addition to the addition of water soluble sugar, the rest should be mixed evenly. Add water and stir well and make the water content about 65%, then boring for 2 to 4 hours.
2. Use a suitable size plastic bag, bagging tight and moderate: generally use 20-2238-42cm plastic bag size of mushroom materials; bagging do not scratch or damage the plastic bag. There is no plastic bag with trachoma or breaks, and the damaged culture bag does not enter the stove.
3. Sterilization should be thorough: under normal pressure sterilization conditions, the sterilization time should start from 100 °C when the temperature reaches 100-102 °C for 12-16 hours, and only after 4-6 hours can be opened. (4) Bagging Sterilization Use a plastic bag with a width of 15 to 17 cm and a length of 33 cm to produce a mushroom, or a plastic bag of 15 to 17 cm wide and 55 cm long. When the bag is loaded, the edges are compacted and the ends are tied with a string to form a slip knot. According to conventional methods of high pressure or atmospheric pressure sterilization.
4. The bag should be careful not to damage the plastic bag during all handling.
5. When inoculating, pay attention to two points: (1) Good strains must be selected, and no contaminating strains or suspected strains should be used. 2 Inoculate as much as possible aseptically, and do it gently.
(5) Inoculate the sterilized plastic bag and inoculate it after cooling to room temperature. The inoculation box was sterilized with 10 ml of formaldehyde and 5 g of potassium permanganate per cubic meter for 30 minutes. Strict operating procedures when inoculation, both ends of the inoculation, the general bottle (750 g / bottle) can be connected to 25 to 30 bags. After the inoculation, the bag was moved into the culture room in time. Under the suitable temperature, the mycelium began to germinate in about 24 hours, and the bag was fully grown at room temperature of 20-25°C for about 40-50 days. Inoculated in mid-September, most of the end of October through the transmission of hyphae, called the whole period of bacteria. After the inoculation due to the low temperature, after the fungus half bag, it will be side-climbing material, called half-fermented mushroom.

Fourth, cultivation of mycelium is the key to cultivation

During the cultivation process, attention should be paid to the ventilation and humidity of the cultivation room, control the temperature at about 20°C, and shading; the culture bag should not be piled too densely and too high; and the bags should be bagged in a timely manner and deal with the pollution bag; also, attention must be paid to the prevention of rodent pests happened. After the mycelium is full of bags, the time for ending the cultivation should be decided according to the thickening of In silk. If the mycelium is relatively sparse when full of bags, it is better to continue to cultivate for a week so that the mycelium can accumulate more nutrients to ensure higher Yield and better quality.

Fifth, pay attention to the management during the mushrooming

1. Flammulina velutipes mycelium nutrition accumulation, thick mycelium, and vomiting Huangshui, even if the cultivation of the culture bag is good, then the culture bag should be timely moved from the training room to mushroom house domestication mushroom.
(6) Mushroom Management Bags The cultivation methods of enoki mushroom are various and can be summed up in five ways: ?
1 full bag of material, bagging fruiting. ?
2 full bag of material, bagging unripe mushroom. ?
3 half a bag of material, cover paper stands out of mushrooms. ?
4 half a bag of material, filming the mushroom. ?
5 in the middle of the load, lying on both ends of the film with mushrooms.
The whole period of the cultivation of the cultivation bag fruiting period of the management process to open the bag → roll bag → bag toppler → ventilation moisturizing and prodding → lift the membrane ventilation for 1 day → to promote the extension of the membrane → harvest → 搔Bacteria irrigation → heat preservation and rejuvenation. The management method is the same as before, until 4 oyster mushrooms are harvested. ?
In the half-growing cultivation bag, during the cultivation period, after the mycelium has been filled with half a bag, both ends have a mushroom formation. At this time, the bacterial bag should be moved into the cultivation field in time according to the management method of full-phase bacteria generation. ?
1 piles of bags. Stacking bags is a new technology that has been explored in production in recent years. Using this technology can improve site utilization, increase production, and improve the quality of mushroom. The specific method is to open the bag ends and turn the excess plastic bags on the material surface to the material surface. According to the length of the bag, one end can be untwisted or both ends can be untwisted. One end of the mouth is laid out in such a way that the bottoms of the two bags are relatively flat and the height is 5-6 bags, and the length is not limited. Water is sprayed on the ground and around the fruiting plant, and then the plastic bag is used to cover the bag. This method has good moisture retention and moisture retention, and it can accumulate carbon dioxide later, which is beneficial to the growth of stipe. ?
2 moisturizing ventilation buds. After the film to keep the microclimate within the film, air relative humidity 85% to 90%, every morning to open the membrane ventilation for 30 minutes, about 7 to 10 days can be successively mushrooming, after the mushroom can be appropriately increased ventilation, humidity, but not Water is sprinkled on the mushroom body.
3 lift membrane ventilation inhibition. When the length of the handle is 3 to 5 cm, it is necessary to reduce the humidity and cool down. The specific measures are to stop spraying water on the ground, remove the plastic film, and ventilate and ventilate. Keep it for 2 days in winter and 1 day in spring and autumn so as to disperse the water on the surface of the material and no longer produce mushrooms. The mushroom that has grown out is also dehydrated due to the base. Re-branch. ?
4 Cultivate quality mushrooms. After the suppression is completed, the shank elongation stage is entered. To cultivate high-quality velvet mushroom with long shank length, white color, and small cover, the relationship among the four factors of temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration must be controlled. ?
A. Temperature: Control at 6-8°C. ?
B. Humidity: The relative humidity of air is 85% to 90%. ?
C. Light: very weak light, the light source position can not be changed, otherwise the fruit is scattered. ?
D. Carbon dioxide: The concentration of 0.11% to 0.15% can promote the elongation of the stipe, exceeding 1% inhibition of the development of the cap, to 3% inhibition of the growth of the cap without inhibiting the growth of the stipe, reaching 5% will not form fruiting bodies. Maintain high carbon dioxide concentration by controlling the amount of ventilation. General temperature at 10 ~ 15 °C, into the fast-growing period of 5 to 7 days Mushroom shank can be from 3 cm to 12 to 15 cm, 10 days after the length can be 15 to 20 cm, then according to the processing of fresh sales standards timely Harvested.
2. During domestication, low temperature, high humidity, sufficient ventilation, and some scattered light should be provided. The temperature during the mushrooming process is 8-12°C, and the air humidity is 85-95%. The daily ventilation rate is determined according to the size of the mushroom house, the fruiting period, the fruiting amount and other factors; the light can not be too high. Strong, there is a brightness of 25 watt bulbs on it.
3. Timely bagging: When the mushroom buds export 2-3cm long, they must put plastic bags 20-22cm wide and 36cm long to ensure the normal growth of humidity and CO2 concentration; when the mushroom body grows to 7-10cm At the time, the end of the bagging film can be ported.

Six, timely harvest

When the mushroom grows to 15-20cm, it must be harvested in time; after the mushroom is harvested, the management of the turning mushroom should be strengthened.

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