The lychee production generally has a long growth period, results are late, the yield is low, the pests and diseases are serious, the size of the results is obvious, and some litchi gardens do not produce results for many years. In order to solve the above problems, a comprehensive set of high-yielding and stable production cultivation techniques for litchi is provided for reference.
1 Cultivate a robust and abundant autumn shoot result mother branch
1.1 timely picking. According to the different ripening period and the result of litchi, it is necessary to adopt first picking, picking in time, picking in batches, picking fruit in short branches and leaving leading buds, which will help to restore the tree vigor, and draw out two autumn shoots at the right time.
1.2 Timely trim. Put second jujube litchi fruit picking after timely pruning, put a tip can be appropriately postponed pruning. Mainly to cut the shade branches, dead branches, cross branches and diseases and pests damage branches, so that the concentration of nutrients, ventilation, light, and promote autumn shoots.
1.3 Reasonable fertilization. The secondary shoots should be applied twice, and the trees with more fruits after the first harvest should be used before harvesting. The trees with less results should be applied in time after fruit picking, which will help restore the tree vigor and promote hair growth. 1 autumn shoot. The second fertilizer was applied after the first autumn shoot was turned green, and the second autumn shoot was promoted. The shoot fertilizer was mainly quick-release fertilizer, and the young fruit tree was planted with urea 0.25kg and compound fertilizer 0.75 per time. Kg or single application of compound fertilizer 1.5kg, ageing results tree per plant urea 0.5kg plus compound fertilizer 1kg, or single application of compound fertilizer 2kg, the application of the vertical surface of the crown in a different direction to open a hole or open shallow groove, after application Cover soil. The new shoots are promptly rooted to promote shoots and shoots, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea are often sprayed.
1.4 Note the replanted pest control. In particular, various leaf-eating insects, suckers, and hairy spiders can be sprayed with dicofol 500 times to control hairy spiders or trichlorfon 800 times and omethoate 1000 times for leaf insects and suckers.
1.5 timely release. Putting the autumn shoots twice, the first time it was held in mid-to-late July, and it turned green in mid-September. The results of the second shoot can be delayed until the beginning of October. The adult tree should be placed in late September. The leaf color is fully green in the middle and late November. For adult trees with a particularly large number of results in the current year, or for trees with a tree age of more than 40 years, it is generally only required to put autumn shoots once. The shooting time should be in the middle and early September and green in the middle and early November. Put the second shoot, the second time the autumn shoots often encounter more dry weather, in order to make the late autumn shoot turn green in time, to water in time, the leaves to the top outside the fertilizer or spray water, late autumn shoots turn green, Spray 1-2 times 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea solution.
2 Control Tip Technology
2.1 Chemical control tip technology. After completely turning green in late autumn, plant growth regulators were sprayed to control the growth of winter shoots from the end of January to the beginning of December. Can be used ethephon 50g, Huaxian County Lizhi shoot control promote flower No. 1 100g, Huanan Nongda horticultural Department production Litchi control tip promote flower No. 1 100g, 95% B950g or 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 165g water 50kg spray.
2.2 artificial control tip flower promotion technology. After the late autumn shoot turns green, it takes about the end of November.
2.2.1 Tear-off roots or ring-shaped trenches. The tipping roots are plowed or artificially plowed 15 to 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide at the periphery of the crown. The ring-shaped trench is digged 30cm deep and 40cm wide at the periphery of the crown. The organic fertilizer was applied after digging to make the leaves slightly roll and retreat green, and finally cover the soil.
2.2.2 Water-based fertilizer production. After the late autumn shoots are turned green, it is strictly forbidden to supply fertilizer and water, especially nitrogen, so as to avoid attracting winter shoots and affect flower bud differentiation.
2.2.3 Ring cut flowers. After the late autumn shoots have turned green, the prosperous young trees that have grown too prosperous for years, or the prosperous adult trees that have had no results for many years or have few results, can undergo ring cutting to promote flowers. The method of circumcision is to cut two rounds deep into the xylem on the trunk or main branch. The distance between the two laps is about 4cm, and 1/3 of each circle should not be cut.
2.2.4 Winter shoot short. For the juvenile result tree, when the winter shoots are drawn 5 to 10 cm, artificial short cuts are used, but 1 to 2 shoots at the base of the winter shoots should be left, which is beneficial to forming short spikes and delaying the flowering period. Practice has proved that the result of this year is very good after taking this measure. For adult trees, when winter shoots are drawn 5 to 10 cm, bamboo shoots are used to remove winter shoots.
3 Baohuabaoguo technology Baohuabaoguo is a technical measure taken from the formation of flower buds of Litchi to fruit ripening. First, prevention and control of pests and diseases. In winter each year, spray lime sulfur compound or pineine mixture is combined with winter clearing garden to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases. Before the Chinese New Year, adult insects were sprayed with dipterex or dichlorvos 500 times before spawning, and then sprayed once again. At the flowering stage and after the rainy season from May to June, it can spray Botrytis roxburghii 800 times solution or dexamethasone 500-800 times solution to control diseases such as downy mildew and anthracnose. After ten-flower flowers, they are treated with pyrethroid pesticides every 10 days, such as fast-killing diclofen (4000-6000 times) or insecticidal double 1000-times, to control litchi tussock beetles and fleas insect. The second is fertilizing the soil and dressing fertilizers outside the roots. After the flower buds are formed and after the flower is applied, the soil is applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or compound fertilizers to enhance the fruits. From the flowering stage to the ripening stage, the fruit was top-dressed before the ripening. After the cultivar, it was sprayed once with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% magnesium sulfate plus 0.2% borax. After the use of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-yield pigment 5000 times or love more than 5000 times or 0.015% phytoalexin spray every 7 to 10 days, and even spray many times. The third is to use a plant growth regulator to preserve and protect fruit, and the flowering ear of 0.2% of litchi No.2 produced by the department of horticulture at South China Agricultural University at the flowering stage is conducive to controlling spikes and delayed flowering. After spraying 100010-6 and 90%, it is beneficial to preserve fruits. For trees that have few results and are easy to withdraw from summer shoots, the use of nitrogen and excessive application of nitrogen should be prohibited, so as to prevent a large number of sprouting of early shoots and summer shoots resulting in fruit drop. The fourth is the flowering period management. If the flowering season is cold and rainy, the water on the trees shall be shaken off after the rain to prevent burnt flowers; in case of high temperature and drought, the soil shall be timely watered and canopy sprayed; in case of heavy fog, the water spray shall be after the fog. To do a good job in orchard beekeeping, improve the fruit rate.
4 In time between the strains, combined with circle branch trimming, conducive to ventilation and light individual lychee garden because of the original plant too dense, affecting the ventilation and light and photosynthesis, resulting in many years of no results, you can take year-by-year strains or combined with the annual branches and weight Pruning methods promote litchi flowering results.
1 Cultivate a robust and abundant autumn shoot result mother branch
1.1 timely picking. According to the different ripening period and the result of litchi, it is necessary to adopt first picking, picking in time, picking in batches, picking fruit in short branches and leaving leading buds, which will help to restore the tree vigor, and draw out two autumn shoots at the right time.
1.2 Timely trim. Put second jujube litchi fruit picking after timely pruning, put a tip can be appropriately postponed pruning. Mainly to cut the shade branches, dead branches, cross branches and diseases and pests damage branches, so that the concentration of nutrients, ventilation, light, and promote autumn shoots.
1.3 Reasonable fertilization. The secondary shoots should be applied twice, and the trees with more fruits after the first harvest should be used before harvesting. The trees with less results should be applied in time after fruit picking, which will help restore the tree vigor and promote hair growth. 1 autumn shoot. The second fertilizer was applied after the first autumn shoot was turned green, and the second autumn shoot was promoted. The shoot fertilizer was mainly quick-release fertilizer, and the young fruit tree was planted with urea 0.25kg and compound fertilizer 0.75 per time. Kg or single application of compound fertilizer 1.5kg, ageing results tree per plant urea 0.5kg plus compound fertilizer 1kg, or single application of compound fertilizer 2kg, the application of the vertical surface of the crown in a different direction to open a hole or open shallow groove, after application Cover soil. The new shoots are promptly rooted to promote shoots and shoots, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea are often sprayed.
1.4 Note the replanted pest control. In particular, various leaf-eating insects, suckers, and hairy spiders can be sprayed with dicofol 500 times to control hairy spiders or trichlorfon 800 times and omethoate 1000 times for leaf insects and suckers.
1.5 timely release. Putting the autumn shoots twice, the first time it was held in mid-to-late July, and it turned green in mid-September. The results of the second shoot can be delayed until the beginning of October. The adult tree should be placed in late September. The leaf color is fully green in the middle and late November. For adult trees with a particularly large number of results in the current year, or for trees with a tree age of more than 40 years, it is generally only required to put autumn shoots once. The shooting time should be in the middle and early September and green in the middle and early November. Put the second shoot, the second time the autumn shoots often encounter more dry weather, in order to make the late autumn shoot turn green in time, to water in time, the leaves to the top outside the fertilizer or spray water, late autumn shoots turn green, Spray 1-2 times 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea solution.
2 Control Tip Technology
2.1 Chemical control tip technology. After completely turning green in late autumn, plant growth regulators were sprayed to control the growth of winter shoots from the end of January to the beginning of December. Can be used ethephon 50g, Huaxian County Lizhi shoot control promote flower No. 1 100g, Huanan Nongda horticultural Department production Litchi control tip promote flower No. 1 100g, 95% B950g or 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 165g water 50kg spray.
2.2 artificial control tip flower promotion technology. After the late autumn shoot turns green, it takes about the end of November.
2.2.1 Tear-off roots or ring-shaped trenches. The tipping roots are plowed or artificially plowed 15 to 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide at the periphery of the crown. The ring-shaped trench is digged 30cm deep and 40cm wide at the periphery of the crown. The organic fertilizer was applied after digging to make the leaves slightly roll and retreat green, and finally cover the soil.
2.2.2 Water-based fertilizer production. After the late autumn shoots are turned green, it is strictly forbidden to supply fertilizer and water, especially nitrogen, so as to avoid attracting winter shoots and affect flower bud differentiation.
2.2.3 Ring cut flowers. After the late autumn shoots have turned green, the prosperous young trees that have grown too prosperous for years, or the prosperous adult trees that have had no results for many years or have few results, can undergo ring cutting to promote flowers. The method of circumcision is to cut two rounds deep into the xylem on the trunk or main branch. The distance between the two laps is about 4cm, and 1/3 of each circle should not be cut.
2.2.4 Winter shoot short. For the juvenile result tree, when the winter shoots are drawn 5 to 10 cm, artificial short cuts are used, but 1 to 2 shoots at the base of the winter shoots should be left, which is beneficial to forming short spikes and delaying the flowering period. Practice has proved that the result of this year is very good after taking this measure. For adult trees, when winter shoots are drawn 5 to 10 cm, bamboo shoots are used to remove winter shoots.
3 Baohuabaoguo technology Baohuabaoguo is a technical measure taken from the formation of flower buds of Litchi to fruit ripening. First, prevention and control of pests and diseases. In winter each year, spray lime sulfur compound or pineine mixture is combined with winter clearing garden to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases. Before the Chinese New Year, adult insects were sprayed with dipterex or dichlorvos 500 times before spawning, and then sprayed once again. At the flowering stage and after the rainy season from May to June, it can spray Botrytis roxburghii 800 times solution or dexamethasone 500-800 times solution to control diseases such as downy mildew and anthracnose. After ten-flower flowers, they are treated with pyrethroid pesticides every 10 days, such as fast-killing diclofen (4000-6000 times) or insecticidal double 1000-times, to control litchi tussock beetles and fleas insect. The second is fertilizing the soil and dressing fertilizers outside the roots. After the flower buds are formed and after the flower is applied, the soil is applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or compound fertilizers to enhance the fruits. From the flowering stage to the ripening stage, the fruit was top-dressed before the ripening. After the cultivar, it was sprayed once with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% magnesium sulfate plus 0.2% borax. After the use of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-yield pigment 5000 times or love more than 5000 times or 0.015% phytoalexin spray every 7 to 10 days, and even spray many times. The third is to use a plant growth regulator to preserve and protect fruit, and the flowering ear of 0.2% of litchi No.2 produced by the department of horticulture at South China Agricultural University at the flowering stage is conducive to controlling spikes and delayed flowering. After spraying 100010-6 and 90%, it is beneficial to preserve fruits. For trees that have few results and are easy to withdraw from summer shoots, the use of nitrogen and excessive application of nitrogen should be prohibited, so as to prevent a large number of sprouting of early shoots and summer shoots resulting in fruit drop. The fourth is the flowering period management. If the flowering season is cold and rainy, the water on the trees shall be shaken off after the rain to prevent burnt flowers; in case of high temperature and drought, the soil shall be timely watered and canopy sprayed; in case of heavy fog, the water spray shall be after the fog. To do a good job in orchard beekeeping, improve the fruit rate.
4 In time between the strains, combined with circle branch trimming, conducive to ventilation and light individual lychee garden because of the original plant too dense, affecting the ventilation and light and photosynthesis, resulting in many years of no results, you can take year-by-year strains or combined with the annual branches and weight Pruning methods promote litchi flowering results.
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