According to the different dosage forms of pesticides currently processed, the application methods are not the same. The following 16 methods are commonly used.
(1) spray method. The dusting is the use of mechanically generated wind power to blow low concentrations or pesticide powders diluted in fine soil to crops and control surfaces. It is a relatively simple method for the use of pesticides. However, it is required to spray evenly and thoughtfully to cover the body surface of agricultural crops and pests and weeds with a thin layer of powder. Use your finger to gently touch the blade to see if it is a bit of powder on your finger. Advantages of dusting method: 1 It is easy to operate, the tool is relatively simple; 2 The work efficiency is high; 3 Do not need water, can not be limited by the water source, can be timely control; 4 The crop is generally not easy to produce injury. However, there are certain disadvantages: 1 drug powder is easily lost by the wind and easy to wash by the rain, therefore, the amount of powder attached to the crop's body to reduce, shorten the residual period of the drug, reducing the control effect. The unit consumption of 2 units is more, and it is not as economical as the spray. 3 Pollute the environment and the applicators themselves.
(2) Spray method. Formulating pesticide formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, milk powder, suspension concentrates, soluble powders, liquids, and wettable powders into a certain amount of water and preparing them into homogeneous emulsions, solutions and suspensions. The liquid forms tiny droplets. The size of the droplets depends on the pressure of the spray, the size and shape of the nozzle aperture, and the size of the vortex chamber. Generally, the larger the water pressure, the smaller the nozzle hole diameter, and the smaller the vortex chamber, the smaller the diameter of the atomized mist. The greater the droplet coverage density is, the better the spreadability and adhesion of the emulsifiable concentrates, powdered milk, suspension concentrates, and wettable agents than the powders are, and it is less likely to be leached by rainwater. The residual period is long, and the amount of drug that comes in contact with the pests The more opportunities increase, the better its control effect will be. Before the 1950s, the main use of high-volume spray was more than 50 liters per spray, but in the past more than 10 years, spray technology has made great progress. The main reason is that ultra-low volume spray technology has been popularized in agricultural production. The volume of spray liquid will develop towards a low capacity, and the liquid volume per spray per acre is only 0.1 to 2 liters. At present, countries with relatively developed industries in foreign countries use small-volume spray methods because of their many advantages: 1 less liquid used, 2 less labor, 3 less mechanical power consumption, 4 higher work efficiency, 5 higher control effect, and 3 more economical High efficiency.
(3) bait method. The bait is mainly used for controlling underground pests that harm the seedlings of crops and move on the ground. Such as small tigers and house rats, house flies and other health pests. It is the use of pests, rodents and rodents eaten food and pesticides from mixing, induce their feeding, in order to achieve the purpose of poisoning. For example, 90% of crystallized trichlorfon 1 can be used per acre, dissolved in a small amount of water, and mixed with 40 dry grams of chopped fresh grass. In the evening, piles are sprinkled in the vicinity of cotton seedlings or corn seedling roots, and its control effect is significant. As bait for bait, wheat bran, rice bran, corn flakes, bean cake, sawdust, grass and leaves can be used. No matter which kind of bait is used, it must be finely chopped and chopped.昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧. In addition, poison Valley is mainly used to control earthworms, wireworms and other underground pests. Due to the need for food, etc., for the preparation of poison valleys, it has not been adopted. In fact, poison valley is also a kind of poison bait. Recently, some new pesticides can be directly used for seed dressing or spreading poisonous soil in soil, which can effectively control some underground pests.
(4) Seed treatment method. There are four methods for seed treatment: seed dressing, debt invading, soaking and boring. 1 seed dressing method. Mostly treated with powders and granules. The seed dressing is a kind of quantitative medicine and quantitative seed, which is simultaneously installed in the seed dressing device, stirred and mixed so that each seed can be evenly coated with a layer of powder, and after the seeding, the medicament can gradually play defense against bacteria or The effectiveness of pest damage, this treatment method, to control the surface of the species by hand to prevent or prevent pests in the soil pests seedlings is very good, and the amount of medication. Save labor and reduce air pollution. For example, adding 50% phoxim or 50% of monocrotophos EC to 50 to 100 grams of water can control maggots and other underground pests, and the period of efficacy can generally be maintained for more than 30 days. Another example is the amount of cottonseed per acre, evenly mix 3% carbofuran granules, can be planted after mixing, control cotton aphids; effect is very good, and the efficacy period can be maintained for more than 60 days. The mixed seeds generally need to be stuffed for a day or two to allow the seeds to absorb as much pesticide as possible, which will increase the effectiveness of preventing disease and killing insects, and 2 soaking seeds. Seeds or seedlings are immersed in a solution of a certain concentration. After a certain period of time, the seeds or seedlings absorb the agent to control the infestation of seed and seedlings inside and outside the treated seed and on seedlings. For example, 40% of the bacteria are used. Lingjiao Suspension 4 kilograms 500 kilograms of water, dubbed 0.4% liquid, 200 kilograms of cottonseed soaked for about 10-15 hours, stirring 1 or 2 times, remove and drain the seed or extrude dry reserve Species, the effect of prevention and treatment of cotton withered, Verticillium wilt is very significant. 3 dipping method. The seeds that need to be treated with medicaments are spread on the ground, about 16.6 cm (5 inches) in thickness, and then the diluted liquid is evenly sprayed on the seeds, and they are constantly turned so that all the seeds are moistened and the mats are stuffed with a stuffy day. After the liquid is absorbed by the seeds, it is sown again. Although this method is very simple, the requirements for soaking can also be achieved. 4 boring kind of method. Insecticide fungicide mixed boring species pest control pest control, in 1.5 ~ 2.5 kilograms of water by adding 200 grams of 25% carbendazim, then add 0.2 kg of 50% monocrotophos, stir well after spray mixed wheat seed 50 kg , Mixing and boring after 6 hours sowing, can achieve both the effect of disease prevention and insecticide.
(5) Soil treatment method. Spread pesticides on soil or green manure crops, then plow till soil, or use pesticides to spread or drench in the roots of plants to kill or suppress pests and diseases in the soil. For example, with 2.5% diuretic powder 2 ~ 2.5 kg mixed fine soil 25 dry grams, sprinkled on the green manure, with the sprinkling with plowing, very effective for the control of small tigers, and if 3% per acre with grams of Budweiser particles The agent 1.5 to 2 dry grams, spread in the rhizosphere of corn, soybeans and sugar cane, can effectively control a variety of pests on the above crops.
(6) Fumigation method. The use of chemicals to produce toxic gases, under confined conditions, is used to eliminate the wheat moths, bean elephants, valley robbers, and red bollworms in rations. For example, with methyl bromide fumigation food, cotton, beans and so on, in the winter 1000 cubic meters of real drug dosage of 30 kg, fumigation for 3 days. Fumigation in summer can be less, and time can be shorter. In addition, fumigation can also be used in Daejeon. For example, a poisonous stick made of dichlorvos can be applied to cotton plant twigs to kill some pests in the cotton boll period.
(7) Smoke method. The use of smoke from pesticide smoke pesticides to control pests. This method is applicable to the control of pests and diseases. The rodent control can also be used in this method, but it cannot be used for weed control. Smoke is an extremely fine solid particle suspended in the air. Its important feature is that it can diffuse itself in the space. Under the disturbance of the air flow, it can diffuse into a larger space and at a long distance. The sedimentation is slow and the drug particles can be deposited. In various parts of the target, including the back of the plant leaves, the control effect is better. Smoke smoke is mainly used in closed small environments such as warehouses, houses, greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, and large forests and orchards. There are five main factors affecting the effectiveness of smoked tobacco: 1 The updraft causes the smoke to escape to the upper space and cannot stay on the surface of the ground or crops. Therefore, daylight cannot be exposed to smoke; 2 Inversion, after sunset, or on the surface of crops Release the contained heat so that the temperature of the air near the ground or the surface of the crop is higher than the temperature of the ground or the surface of the crop, which facilitates the retention of the smoke and does not dissipate quickly. Therefore, it is easy to succeed in the evening and early morning; 3 Wind direction wind speed will change the direction and breadth of the cloud's flow, and it will be able to achieve better control efficiency when the wind is relatively small. 4 Sea breeze and land breeze, in the land adjacent to the water, the morning wind blows from the land to the surface of the water, which is called the land wind; In the evening, the wind blows from the surface to the land, which means the sea breeze. During the alternating sea breezes and land breeze, there is an area of ​​calm wind on the ground; 5 smoke tends to be relatively concentrated in low-lying and cold regions. Research on the use of the above-mentioned airflow and topography can be successfully used in the open smoke method.
(8) Smoke method. Disperse the oil solution of the pesticide into an aerosol application method. The smog method must use special equipment to disperse oily pesticides into smoke. Smoke generally refers to a dispersion of airborne particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 microns. Particles are solids called smoke and liquids are called fog. Smoke is a solid drug particle that remains after evaporation of a solvent in a liquid droplet. Because the particles of smoke are small, the time for suspending in the air is longer, the sediment is distributed evenly, and the control effect is higher than the general spraying method and powder spraying method.
(9) 施拉法. Disperse the method of pesticide application of granular pesticides. The granules have a large particle size and are little affected by the air flow during application. They are easy to land and do not substantially drift. They are particularly suitable for application to the ground, paddy fields, and soil applications. Disposal can be performed in a variety of ways, such as hand-dropping (low-toxicity agent), human-operated sprinkler scattering, motorized spreader, and soil granulator application.
[10] Aircraft spraying method. The method of spraying the pesticide solution, powder, granules, baits, etc., evenly in the target area by aircraft, also called aviation application method. It is the most potent application method and is suitable for the application of contiguous crops, orchards, forests, grasslands, barren locust wastelands and sandy beaches. Pesticide formulations suitable for spraying on airplanes include powders, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, suspensions, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous solutions, oils, and granules. Due to the serious drift of powder particles, aircraft dusting has been seldom used. Even if the powder spraying should be carried out in the morning under steady airflow conditions, powders for aircraft powders are slightly coarser than powders for the ground. Formulations that can be formulated into suspensions of water are used for high volume sprays, and flocculation of the particles is prevented when mixed with other dosage forms. Emulsifiable concentrates such as emulsifiable concentrates for water can be used for high-capacity and low-volume sprays. When low-volume sprays are used, suitable amounts of urea and potassium dioxygen phosphate can be added to the spray to reduce droplet evaporation. The oil is used directly for ultra-low volume sprays and its flash point must not be less than 70°C.
Spraying pesticides on aircraft can be sprayed with low-volume and ultra-low-volume sprays; the amount of liquid spray for low-volume sprays is 10-50 liters/ha; the amount of liquid spray for ultra-low-volume sprays is 1-5 liters/ha; The fog coverage density is required to be 20/cm2 or more. The aircraft sprays the contact killing bactericidal agent, generally uses the high capacity spray, the spraying liquid quantity is above 50 liters/ha; Sprays the sucking bactericidal agent to be able to use the low volume spray, the application liquid volume is 20-50 liters/ha. Aerosols are sprayed with herbicides, usually with low-volume sprays, with application volumes of 10 to 50 l/ha, and wettable powders of 40 to 50 l/ha. The planes used to kill rodents, usually baits or poison pills in forest areas and grasslands.
Aircraft application time is generally half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset. If conditions are met, night operation can also be performed. Wind speed during operation: No more than 3 m/s of dusting, no more than 4 m/s of sprayed or sprayed particles, and no more than 6 m/s of granules. Flight height and effective spray cap vary by model.
(11) Wipe the spraying method. This is the emergence of new technologies for the use of pesticides in recent years, and has been widely applied in herbicides. The specific application method is composed of a group of short, naked nylon ropes. The end of the rope is connected with the herbicide liquid. Due to the flow of the capillary tube and gravity, the liquid medicine flows into the medicine rope and spreads through the weeds when the spraying machine spreads. In the field, the herbicide absorbed on the drug line can wipe the top of the weed that grows higher, but it cannot rub the crop on the shorter growth. The amount of herbicide used to wipe the application method is much lower than that of ordinary sprays. Because almost all the pesticides are applied on weeds, the crops are not subject to phytotoxicity, and the droplets do not drift. The cost of prevention is also saved.
(12) Membrane application method. This method of application is mainly used on fruit trees. When apples are grown without bags, the number of rusts increases exponentially. At home and abroad, it is trying to apply a layer of coating agent to apple fruit to cover the surface of the fruit to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Now abroad there are already coated products sold.
(13) Seed coating technology. It is coated with a coat of insecticides or fungicides on the seeds to protect the seeds and subsequent growth and development from pests and diseases. At present, China's China Agricultural University and Jiangsu Wuxian Pesticide Factory have been trial-produced with various seed coating agents for carbendazim.
(14) How to apply drugs on the net. It is also used in fruit trees. It is woven into a mesh with a string of fibers, impregnated with the desired high-concentration chemicals, and then hanged on the fruit trees to control the pests on the fruit trees. The application of this method can extend the period of efficacy, reduce the number of applications and reduce the amount of medication.
(15) Floating surface application method. This is a newly developed pesticide use technology in recent years. It is based on expanded perlite as a carrier, processed into a floating agent on the surface of the water, and its particle size is about 60 to 100 mesh. At present, there are mainly methyl parathion water floaters and methamidophos water floaters. This method has a strong pertinence for the prevention and control of rice borers and has a significant efficacy and a long potency.
(16) Controlled release application techniques. It is an important application technique that reduces the dosage of the drug, reduces the pollution, reduces the residue of the crop, and prolongs the efficacy of the drug. It has been estimated that the controlled release of pesticides after 2000 may be the main method.
The development of the use of pesticides is a reflection of the development of pesticide formulations. In other words, the emergence of a new use method must be backed by new pesticide formulations. It is mutually reinforcing and complementary.
(1) spray method. The dusting is the use of mechanically generated wind power to blow low concentrations or pesticide powders diluted in fine soil to crops and control surfaces. It is a relatively simple method for the use of pesticides. However, it is required to spray evenly and thoughtfully to cover the body surface of agricultural crops and pests and weeds with a thin layer of powder. Use your finger to gently touch the blade to see if it is a bit of powder on your finger. Advantages of dusting method: 1 It is easy to operate, the tool is relatively simple; 2 The work efficiency is high; 3 Do not need water, can not be limited by the water source, can be timely control; 4 The crop is generally not easy to produce injury. However, there are certain disadvantages: 1 drug powder is easily lost by the wind and easy to wash by the rain, therefore, the amount of powder attached to the crop's body to reduce, shorten the residual period of the drug, reducing the control effect. The unit consumption of 2 units is more, and it is not as economical as the spray. 3 Pollute the environment and the applicators themselves.
(2) Spray method. Formulating pesticide formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, milk powder, suspension concentrates, soluble powders, liquids, and wettable powders into a certain amount of water and preparing them into homogeneous emulsions, solutions and suspensions. The liquid forms tiny droplets. The size of the droplets depends on the pressure of the spray, the size and shape of the nozzle aperture, and the size of the vortex chamber. Generally, the larger the water pressure, the smaller the nozzle hole diameter, and the smaller the vortex chamber, the smaller the diameter of the atomized mist. The greater the droplet coverage density is, the better the spreadability and adhesion of the emulsifiable concentrates, powdered milk, suspension concentrates, and wettable agents than the powders are, and it is less likely to be leached by rainwater. The residual period is long, and the amount of drug that comes in contact with the pests The more opportunities increase, the better its control effect will be. Before the 1950s, the main use of high-volume spray was more than 50 liters per spray, but in the past more than 10 years, spray technology has made great progress. The main reason is that ultra-low volume spray technology has been popularized in agricultural production. The volume of spray liquid will develop towards a low capacity, and the liquid volume per spray per acre is only 0.1 to 2 liters. At present, countries with relatively developed industries in foreign countries use small-volume spray methods because of their many advantages: 1 less liquid used, 2 less labor, 3 less mechanical power consumption, 4 higher work efficiency, 5 higher control effect, and 3 more economical High efficiency.
(3) bait method. The bait is mainly used for controlling underground pests that harm the seedlings of crops and move on the ground. Such as small tigers and house rats, house flies and other health pests. It is the use of pests, rodents and rodents eaten food and pesticides from mixing, induce their feeding, in order to achieve the purpose of poisoning. For example, 90% of crystallized trichlorfon 1 can be used per acre, dissolved in a small amount of water, and mixed with 40 dry grams of chopped fresh grass. In the evening, piles are sprinkled in the vicinity of cotton seedlings or corn seedling roots, and its control effect is significant. As bait for bait, wheat bran, rice bran, corn flakes, bean cake, sawdust, grass and leaves can be used. No matter which kind of bait is used, it must be finely chopped and chopped.昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧 昧. In addition, poison Valley is mainly used to control earthworms, wireworms and other underground pests. Due to the need for food, etc., for the preparation of poison valleys, it has not been adopted. In fact, poison valley is also a kind of poison bait. Recently, some new pesticides can be directly used for seed dressing or spreading poisonous soil in soil, which can effectively control some underground pests.
(4) Seed treatment method. There are four methods for seed treatment: seed dressing, debt invading, soaking and boring. 1 seed dressing method. Mostly treated with powders and granules. The seed dressing is a kind of quantitative medicine and quantitative seed, which is simultaneously installed in the seed dressing device, stirred and mixed so that each seed can be evenly coated with a layer of powder, and after the seeding, the medicament can gradually play defense against bacteria or The effectiveness of pest damage, this treatment method, to control the surface of the species by hand to prevent or prevent pests in the soil pests seedlings is very good, and the amount of medication. Save labor and reduce air pollution. For example, adding 50% phoxim or 50% of monocrotophos EC to 50 to 100 grams of water can control maggots and other underground pests, and the period of efficacy can generally be maintained for more than 30 days. Another example is the amount of cottonseed per acre, evenly mix 3% carbofuran granules, can be planted after mixing, control cotton aphids; effect is very good, and the efficacy period can be maintained for more than 60 days. The mixed seeds generally need to be stuffed for a day or two to allow the seeds to absorb as much pesticide as possible, which will increase the effectiveness of preventing disease and killing insects, and 2 soaking seeds. Seeds or seedlings are immersed in a solution of a certain concentration. After a certain period of time, the seeds or seedlings absorb the agent to control the infestation of seed and seedlings inside and outside the treated seed and on seedlings. For example, 40% of the bacteria are used. Lingjiao Suspension 4 kilograms 500 kilograms of water, dubbed 0.4% liquid, 200 kilograms of cottonseed soaked for about 10-15 hours, stirring 1 or 2 times, remove and drain the seed or extrude dry reserve Species, the effect of prevention and treatment of cotton withered, Verticillium wilt is very significant. 3 dipping method. The seeds that need to be treated with medicaments are spread on the ground, about 16.6 cm (5 inches) in thickness, and then the diluted liquid is evenly sprayed on the seeds, and they are constantly turned so that all the seeds are moistened and the mats are stuffed with a stuffy day. After the liquid is absorbed by the seeds, it is sown again. Although this method is very simple, the requirements for soaking can also be achieved. 4 boring kind of method. Insecticide fungicide mixed boring species pest control pest control, in 1.5 ~ 2.5 kilograms of water by adding 200 grams of 25% carbendazim, then add 0.2 kg of 50% monocrotophos, stir well after spray mixed wheat seed 50 kg , Mixing and boring after 6 hours sowing, can achieve both the effect of disease prevention and insecticide.
(5) Soil treatment method. Spread pesticides on soil or green manure crops, then plow till soil, or use pesticides to spread or drench in the roots of plants to kill or suppress pests and diseases in the soil. For example, with 2.5% diuretic powder 2 ~ 2.5 kg mixed fine soil 25 dry grams, sprinkled on the green manure, with the sprinkling with plowing, very effective for the control of small tigers, and if 3% per acre with grams of Budweiser particles The agent 1.5 to 2 dry grams, spread in the rhizosphere of corn, soybeans and sugar cane, can effectively control a variety of pests on the above crops.
(6) Fumigation method. The use of chemicals to produce toxic gases, under confined conditions, is used to eliminate the wheat moths, bean elephants, valley robbers, and red bollworms in rations. For example, with methyl bromide fumigation food, cotton, beans and so on, in the winter 1000 cubic meters of real drug dosage of 30 kg, fumigation for 3 days. Fumigation in summer can be less, and time can be shorter. In addition, fumigation can also be used in Daejeon. For example, a poisonous stick made of dichlorvos can be applied to cotton plant twigs to kill some pests in the cotton boll period.
(7) Smoke method. The use of smoke from pesticide smoke pesticides to control pests. This method is applicable to the control of pests and diseases. The rodent control can also be used in this method, but it cannot be used for weed control. Smoke is an extremely fine solid particle suspended in the air. Its important feature is that it can diffuse itself in the space. Under the disturbance of the air flow, it can diffuse into a larger space and at a long distance. The sedimentation is slow and the drug particles can be deposited. In various parts of the target, including the back of the plant leaves, the control effect is better. Smoke smoke is mainly used in closed small environments such as warehouses, houses, greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, and large forests and orchards. There are five main factors affecting the effectiveness of smoked tobacco: 1 The updraft causes the smoke to escape to the upper space and cannot stay on the surface of the ground or crops. Therefore, daylight cannot be exposed to smoke; 2 Inversion, after sunset, or on the surface of crops Release the contained heat so that the temperature of the air near the ground or the surface of the crop is higher than the temperature of the ground or the surface of the crop, which facilitates the retention of the smoke and does not dissipate quickly. Therefore, it is easy to succeed in the evening and early morning; 3 Wind direction wind speed will change the direction and breadth of the cloud's flow, and it will be able to achieve better control efficiency when the wind is relatively small. 4 Sea breeze and land breeze, in the land adjacent to the water, the morning wind blows from the land to the surface of the water, which is called the land wind; In the evening, the wind blows from the surface to the land, which means the sea breeze. During the alternating sea breezes and land breeze, there is an area of ​​calm wind on the ground; 5 smoke tends to be relatively concentrated in low-lying and cold regions. Research on the use of the above-mentioned airflow and topography can be successfully used in the open smoke method.
(8) Smoke method. Disperse the oil solution of the pesticide into an aerosol application method. The smog method must use special equipment to disperse oily pesticides into smoke. Smoke generally refers to a dispersion of airborne particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 microns. Particles are solids called smoke and liquids are called fog. Smoke is a solid drug particle that remains after evaporation of a solvent in a liquid droplet. Because the particles of smoke are small, the time for suspending in the air is longer, the sediment is distributed evenly, and the control effect is higher than the general spraying method and powder spraying method.
(9) 施拉法. Disperse the method of pesticide application of granular pesticides. The granules have a large particle size and are little affected by the air flow during application. They are easy to land and do not substantially drift. They are particularly suitable for application to the ground, paddy fields, and soil applications. Disposal can be performed in a variety of ways, such as hand-dropping (low-toxicity agent), human-operated sprinkler scattering, motorized spreader, and soil granulator application.
[10] Aircraft spraying method. The method of spraying the pesticide solution, powder, granules, baits, etc., evenly in the target area by aircraft, also called aviation application method. It is the most potent application method and is suitable for the application of contiguous crops, orchards, forests, grasslands, barren locust wastelands and sandy beaches. Pesticide formulations suitable for spraying on airplanes include powders, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, suspensions, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous solutions, oils, and granules. Due to the serious drift of powder particles, aircraft dusting has been seldom used. Even if the powder spraying should be carried out in the morning under steady airflow conditions, powders for aircraft powders are slightly coarser than powders for the ground. Formulations that can be formulated into suspensions of water are used for high volume sprays, and flocculation of the particles is prevented when mixed with other dosage forms. Emulsifiable concentrates such as emulsifiable concentrates for water can be used for high-capacity and low-volume sprays. When low-volume sprays are used, suitable amounts of urea and potassium dioxygen phosphate can be added to the spray to reduce droplet evaporation. The oil is used directly for ultra-low volume sprays and its flash point must not be less than 70°C.
Spraying pesticides on aircraft can be sprayed with low-volume and ultra-low-volume sprays; the amount of liquid spray for low-volume sprays is 10-50 liters/ha; the amount of liquid spray for ultra-low-volume sprays is 1-5 liters/ha; The fog coverage density is required to be 20/cm2 or more. The aircraft sprays the contact killing bactericidal agent, generally uses the high capacity spray, the spraying liquid quantity is above 50 liters/ha; Sprays the sucking bactericidal agent to be able to use the low volume spray, the application liquid volume is 20-50 liters/ha. Aerosols are sprayed with herbicides, usually with low-volume sprays, with application volumes of 10 to 50 l/ha, and wettable powders of 40 to 50 l/ha. The planes used to kill rodents, usually baits or poison pills in forest areas and grasslands.
Aircraft application time is generally half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset. If conditions are met, night operation can also be performed. Wind speed during operation: No more than 3 m/s of dusting, no more than 4 m/s of sprayed or sprayed particles, and no more than 6 m/s of granules. Flight height and effective spray cap vary by model.
(11) Wipe the spraying method. This is the emergence of new technologies for the use of pesticides in recent years, and has been widely applied in herbicides. The specific application method is composed of a group of short, naked nylon ropes. The end of the rope is connected with the herbicide liquid. Due to the flow of the capillary tube and gravity, the liquid medicine flows into the medicine rope and spreads through the weeds when the spraying machine spreads. In the field, the herbicide absorbed on the drug line can wipe the top of the weed that grows higher, but it cannot rub the crop on the shorter growth. The amount of herbicide used to wipe the application method is much lower than that of ordinary sprays. Because almost all the pesticides are applied on weeds, the crops are not subject to phytotoxicity, and the droplets do not drift. The cost of prevention is also saved.
(12) Membrane application method. This method of application is mainly used on fruit trees. When apples are grown without bags, the number of rusts increases exponentially. At home and abroad, it is trying to apply a layer of coating agent to apple fruit to cover the surface of the fruit to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Now abroad there are already coated products sold.
(13) Seed coating technology. It is coated with a coat of insecticides or fungicides on the seeds to protect the seeds and subsequent growth and development from pests and diseases. At present, China's China Agricultural University and Jiangsu Wuxian Pesticide Factory have been trial-produced with various seed coating agents for carbendazim.
(14) How to apply drugs on the net. It is also used in fruit trees. It is woven into a mesh with a string of fibers, impregnated with the desired high-concentration chemicals, and then hanged on the fruit trees to control the pests on the fruit trees. The application of this method can extend the period of efficacy, reduce the number of applications and reduce the amount of medication.
(15) Floating surface application method. This is a newly developed pesticide use technology in recent years. It is based on expanded perlite as a carrier, processed into a floating agent on the surface of the water, and its particle size is about 60 to 100 mesh. At present, there are mainly methyl parathion water floaters and methamidophos water floaters. This method has a strong pertinence for the prevention and control of rice borers and has a significant efficacy and a long potency.
(16) Controlled release application techniques. It is an important application technique that reduces the dosage of the drug, reduces the pollution, reduces the residue of the crop, and prolongs the efficacy of the drug. It has been estimated that the controlled release of pesticides after 2000 may be the main method.
The development of the use of pesticides is a reflection of the development of pesticide formulations. In other words, the emergence of a new use method must be backed by new pesticide formulations. It is mutually reinforcing and complementary.
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