Livestock and Poultry Disease Control Techniques (2)

Part II Current Prevention of Common Diseases of Livestock and Poultry I. Prevention and Treatment of Common Swine Diseases (1) Swine fever is an acute, hot and highly contagious disease caused by swine fever virus. 1. Symptoms: Acute septicemia: The body temperature rises to 40.5-42°C, and the absence of symptoms, depression, no eating, no drinking, cold, conjunctival flushing, dry and stinky stools, diarrhea after 3-4 days. There were small bleeding points in the mucous membranes and conjunctiva. There were bleeding spots and purpura on the inside of the ear, under the abdomen, and inside the limbs. Lymph nodes were enlarged on the surface. A few pigs had high fever and neurological symptoms. The disease duration was 1-3 weeks. Bacterial infections, especially pneumonia and necrotic enteritis, are more common. Chronic mild (atypical): Long incubation period, when sick body temperature rises and falls, appetite is good or bad, constipation and diarrhea occur alternately, the pig's ear, tail and limb skin often necrosis, longer duration, can exceed 1 month. Pregnant sows have a certain degree of immunity, the incidence is not obvious after infection, and is poisonous, causing the fetus to be poisoned, causing stillbirths, mummified fetuses, weak babies, and neurological symptoms of individual surviving piglets. 2. Control: (1) Prevention is the main method. 21-30 days old weaned piglets are immunized once with swine fever vaccine, 60 days old and then immunized once, and once every six months or piglets are immunized ahead of time: that piglets are born but not before colostrum For swine fever vaccination, one hour later you can eat and breastfeed; piglets can be immunized once weaned and get strong protection. (2) Promote self-cultivation and self-support, strengthen feeding management and hygiene work, and formulate scientific immunization procedures. (3) Immediate isolation of sick pigs and suspicious pigs, early injection of anti-swine serum or interferon plus immunoglobulin, rehabilitation and vaccination against swine fever; emergency vaccination for putative healthy pigs: 4-8 reference doses It has played a good role in controlling the development of the epidemic. (4) Emergency disinfection of piggery environment and utensils. It is best to use fire alkali, peracetic acid, bleaching powder for disinfection. (b) Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, hot, highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals (such as pigs, cattle, sheep, camels, deer, etc.) caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1. Symptoms: At the beginning of the illness, the body temperature rises to 40-41°C, the appetite decreases, and the spirit is weak. In the hoof, the hoof, the fork, the mouth's lips, gums, nose, cheeks, tongue, mouth, breast nipple One, a few, or more rice-sized blisters appeared in other parts. After the blisters broke, they formed a bright red blight and dried to form yellow bristles. Severe hoof shells fall off and claudication occurs. Birth and suckling pigs often have acute enteritis and myocarditis and suddenly die. Mortality rates can reach 60%-80%. 2. Prevention: (1) Strengthen feeding management, keep the pig farm clean and hygienic, and strictly perform disinfection and vaccination work. Immunization procedures: free-family households are immunized once in spring and autumn, and the scale field is immunized according to the procedure. Piglets are exempted at the age of 30-45 days and calves are vaccinated at the age of 3-4 months. Lambs: 3-4 Early release at the age of the month. Vaccine use: cattle, sheep: use of O-Asian I foot-and-mouth disease inactivated bivalent vaccine; pigs were immunized with O-type foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. (2) In the event of an outbreak, report immediately to the local animal husbandry department and adopt isolation, blockade and culling measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic. (3) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a new infectious disease that has emerged in recent years. The disease is caused by a virus. The main features are anorexia, fever and reproductive disorders in sows, and respiratory tract is often present in newborn piglets. Symptoms and high mortality. Symptoms: pregnant sows, depressed, loss of appetite or waste, cough, premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, mummy, weak, etc., some sows postpartum milk, fetal doctor stagnation. Piglets, body temperature can rise to above 40 °C, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite or waste, early diarrhea, gradually weight loss, late dehydration, constipation, hair rough mess, hind limbs were standing in a cross-shaped instability, the tip of the hair change blue, diffuse and All ears, abdomen, inner thigh congestion, dark red, until the body temperature decreased, failure to death; 2. Prevention: The disease is currently no effective treatment, we must establish effective prevention and control methods to reduce the harm of the disease. 1 Pay attention to the safety of introduction and do not purchase pigs from the epidemic area; 2 The pighouses should be isolated and the farrowing house and breeding house should be upwind. 3 to strengthen the feeding and management, to supplement the sick pigs with enough protein, vitamins and high-energy feed, with particular emphasis on vitamin E and trace element selenium supplement; 4 to maintain the cleanliness of pig houses, feeding utensils and the environment, the maternity ward to be completely disinfected, and must Pay attention to keeping warm and dry; 5 do a good job in preventing immunization is the most cost-effective way to control the disease. (d) Pseudorabies in pigs is caused by the herpes virus throughout the four seasons, but occurs frequently in winter and spring and during the farrowing season. 1. Symptoms: Newborn piglets can develop at 2-3 days postpartum, with an initial manifestation of depression, loss of appetite, elevated body temperature, tremor, dyskinesia, diarrhoea, and vomiting. In the late stage, the forelimbs were open or the limbs were stiff, and the posterior expulsion was soft, paralyzed, and dog-like. After two days, he fell to the ground and his limbs swiped. For pigs over 4 months of age, the body temperature can be raised to 41-42°C, breathing is accelerated, abdominal breathing occurs, runny nose, cough, and bad spirit. Infection with sows, sudden onset, body temperature rises to 41-42°C, appetite decreases, vomiting occurs, and movement does not occur. After the onset of the pregnant sow, the main manifestations are vomiting, fever, miscarriage, stillbirth or mummification. 2. Prevention: The disease is a viral disease, there is no specific drug, mainly to do a good job vaccination vaccine, to completely eradicate the disease, repeated quarantine, eliminate positive pigs. In addition, efforts should be made to disinfect and eradicate rats to prevent the spread of diseases. (5) Piglets yellow and white piglets Yellow and white piglets are caused by E. coli, sudden changes in the weather, cold and humid environment, dirty, piglets drinking urine and dirty water, and other external causes. External factors are predisposing factors. 1. Symptoms: Sucking piglets with multiple axillary origin within 1 week, 2-3 days after onset, violent diarrhea within 3-7 days, faecal appearance of yellow-white water-like bubbles, odor, piglets lack of energy, weight loss, dehydration, chills. After 7 days, the paste, paste, milky white or gray sticky, rancid and thin feces, is called white peony. The diseased pigs suffering from fair skin were rough, dull, slow-acting, and delayed in development. They were prone to secondary pneumonia. The disease duration was about one week and the mortality rate was extremely high. 2. Prevention: Yellow and white piglets are caused by E. coli, and common measures can be taken in prevention and control. Due to the large variation of E. coli strains and the tendency to produce drug resistance, the use of antibacterial drugs has sometimes yielded little success. Therefore, efforts must be made in management to adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures in order to be effective. 1 Give sows three-day vaccines of E. coli diarrhea 2-3 weeks before labor. 2 to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant sows, to ensure that sows eat protein, vitamins, trace elements rich feed, improve the disease resistance of newborn piglets. (3) Piglets should eat colostrum as soon as possible after birth and supplement iron and trace element selenium at appropriate time; oral Antibiotics should be given to piglets within 12 hours after birth, and then once every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days; (6) Paratyphoid fever in piglets is caused by salmonella. Caused by pigs are susceptible to all ages, the main hair of 2-4 months of age pigs. 1. Symptoms: Chronic is the main disease type, and acute types mostly occur in weaned piglets. Acute type (septic type): sudden increase in body temperature to 41-42°C, loss of appetite, dry nose, sometimes vomiting, flushing of the eye's conjunctiva, secretion, first constipation, diarrhea, fecal odor, blood, often due to abdominal pain in sick pigs Skullback screams, purple spots on the inside of the nose, ears, neck, abdomen and limbs of the skin, the disease period of 1-4 days, the higher mortality. Chronic type (intestinal type): body temperature rises, 40.5-41.5°C, after which the amplitude of fever is variable. Depression, loss of appetite, periodic constipation and diarrhea, excretion of atherosclerotic or watery faeces, fecal odor, mixed blood and mucous membranes, buccal eczema on the skin of the abdomen and extremities, dehydration and thirst for lower jaw, some Pigs developed pneumonia and developed cough, rapid breathing, and runny nose. They died of illness after 2-3 weeks of illness. 2. Control: 1 enhance piglet disease resistance, as soon as possible so that piglets eat colostrum. 2 After piglet weaning, immunize piglets paratyphoid attenuated lyophilized vaccine. 3 diseased pigs should be isolated in time and treated early. Commonly used drugs include oxytetracycline, kanamycin, norfloxacin and gentamicin sulfate. (vii) Streptococcus suis is a general term for different clinical types of infectious diseases caused by several different streptococci. There are three types: septic, meningitis, and arthritis. Diseased pigs and infected pigs are the main source of infection. It mainly affects the respiratory tract, digestive tract and damaged skin. Pigs, equines, cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits, mink, and fish are all susceptible to infection. Pigs are susceptible to age, breed and sex. Streptococcus suis type 2 can infect people and cause death. The disease can occur throughout the year, but more from May to November. 1. Symptoms: Septic streptococcosis: clinically divided into the most acute, acute and chronic type. 1 The most acute type: acute onset, short duration, and often sudden death without any symptoms. Or sudden reduction of food or food waste, body temperature increased to 41 ~ 43 °C, forced breathing, and more than 24 hours died of sepsis. 2 acute type: more sudden, elevated body temperature 40 ~ 43 °C, was heat retention. Respiratory compulsions, dry nose, flow or purulent nasal discharge. Conjunctival flushing, tears. The skin on the neck, auricle, lower abdomen, and lower extremities was purple and bleeding. 3 chronic type: manifested as polyarthritis, inflammation of one or more limb joints. The joints are swollen, limp or squatting, and finally died of weakness and paralysis. 4 meningitis streptococci: mainly meningitis, more common in suckling piglets and weaned piglets. Mainly manifested as neurological symptoms, such as molars, foaming at the mouth, tumbling movements, convulsions, falling swimming strokes on the limbs, and finally paralysis. 5 Arthritis streptococcosis: It is characterized by abscess formation in joints and other places. 2. Control: Infested pig farms and villages, as long as the pig vaccination. Do a good job in the disinfection of pigsheds and venues. Found that pigs, dead pigs should be treated according to regulations or harmless treatment. Treatment can be penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and other antibiotics. Second, the prevention and treatment of common chicken diseases (A) Newcastle disease can occur throughout the year, all age-old chickens can be infected, 20-60 days old chickens are most susceptible, the mortality rate is also high. 1. Symptoms: The diseased chicken is depressed in spirit, loss of appetite or food refusal, and excretion of green or yellow-white dilute feces. There is a lot of mucus in the mouth and nose, and when the head shakes, the mucus often flows out. The sac is full of gas or liquid. Difficulty breathing, showing asthma, cough, mouth breathing. Death increased after 2-3 days of disease, peaked after 4-5 days, and deaths of chickens decreased slowly from 8-10 days. Sustained chickens can have symptoms of paroxysmal spasm, head and neck twists, torso arch movements, movement disorders, and paralysis. Laying hens did not show a significant decrease in egg production at the early stage of disease, and soft shell eggs and misshapen eggs increased significantly. 2. Prevention and control: 1 Strengthen the feeding and management of the flock and earnestly implement the veterinary health and epidemic prevention system. 2Immunization is the most effective way to prevent the disease. The establishment of a reasonable immunization program and the use of attenuated vaccines in combination with inactivated vaccines can control the occurrence of atypical Newcastle disease. 3 When a Newcastle disease occurs in a chicken farm, emergency immunizations should be taken immediately. The chicks should be given 3-5 drops of La lines or Co30 seedlings, and the chickens can be injected intramuscularly with a Series I vaccine. And strict disinfection, prevention and control of the spread of the epidemic. (b) Bird flu is an acute, potent infectious disease of birds caused by type A viruses, characterized by rapid spread and high mortality. Depending on the difference in influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigenicity, different subtypes are possible. The current highly pathogenic avian influenza is H5N1 and the low pathogenic avian influenza is H9N2. It can occur throughout the year, but it often occurs during the winter and spring seasons. 1. Symptoms: The spirit is wilted, the diet is reduced or eliminated, and the body temperature of the diseased chicken rises above 43°C. Head and face facial edema, crown and fluffy hair, purple or dark purple, and sometimes scattered yellow necrosis; respiratory symptoms can be seen coughing, sneezing, screaming, 簟 簟 簟 (5) 踔 粑 粑 ? ? ? ? ? ? Awakening is now the sea? Afraid to lie down????? Proudly landlord? Ah ah? 1. A tyrant 龆啵 挪 挪 侵 侵 侵 燮 燮 ? ? ? ? ? 拭 宰 宰 宰 宰 宰 宰(15) The wages are the result of the labor left? The province (8) is exhausted. "Blook is a dangerous child, and Zheng Hang is also loyal and hungry. 萑夯竦 萑夯竦 萑夯竦 萑夯竦 萑夯竦 萑夯竦 庖 庖 Γ し し し し し し し し し し し し しFor example, if we use a 4 to 4 week-old chicken, our neck is subcutaneously injected with 0.25-0.30 ml of subcutaneous injection, 0.5 ml of adult chicken is injected, and the immunization period is 5 months. Disinfection: Aldehydes, chlorine-containing disinfectants, phenols, oxidants, alkalis, etc. can all kill viruses in the environment.3 Treat poultry excrement and dead poultry, eliminate mosquitoes, flies and mice, drive out wild birds, and avoid mixing In the event of an outbreak, it shall immediately report to the local animal husbandry and veterinary department, delineate the epidemic, epidemic and threatened areas and conduct blockade and isolation, and conduct harmless treatment of the poultry and its pollutants in the affected area. In the threat zone, emergency immunizations are carried out, and quarantine and disinfection work must be strengthened to prevent the spread of the epidemic.(3) Marek’s disease is the most common type of chicken lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, with peripheral nerves, gonads, irises, muscles and skins of various organs. Nuclear cell infiltration is characteristic.Fever-bearing chickens are usually more than 4 weeks old, and the mortality rate of the diseased chickens is 50%-80%.1. Symptoms: 1 Nerve type: Movement disorders, diseased chickens show a "fork" posture, wings hang down, bow and neck , Loss of sound, sac dilation, difficulty in breathing, diarrhea.2 Eye types: Blindness, damaged iris, normal pigment loss, pupil contraction, edge irregularity, concentric ring or spotty gray, commonly known as gray eye disease.3 skin type: The diseased chickens often have large swollen hair follicles on their wings, neck, back, or tail skin, and the skin is thickened to form large nodules and nodules that are as large as grains of faba bean.4 Visceral types: Sorrow and sudden death. Vaccination is the key to the disease, given a subcutaneous injection of vaccine to the 1-day old chicks.(4) Infectious bursal disease is an acute, contact-contaminated disease caused by a virus. At the age of 3 to 6 weeks old, the chickens are multiple and most likely to be 4 weeks old, adult chickens' bursa have been degraded, and generally do not infect or pass through the virus. The virus can contaminate feeds, drinking water, utensils and other digestive tract infections, but also through the respiratory tract. And conjunctival infections 1. Symptoms: The disease is mainly a sudden onset of young chicks, disease chickens reduce food, poor spirit, wings drooping, feathers dull, mouth often inserted into the feathers, playing near the heat pile heap.Some chickens constantly The mantle snatches itself around the cloaca, and the diseased chicken discharges the sticky yellow feces first, then white or watery diarrhea, and the feathers around the cloaca are contaminated by chickens.The chickens have dehydration symptoms, increased drinking water, reduced appetite or waste, and tremors before death. , Decline, 1-2 days after the onset of symptoms, the incidence of this disease is as high as 100%, death occurs in three days after infection, peaks in 5-7 days, after which the mortality rate decreases, and death is stopped after 8-9 days. Insist on, disappear quickly, have a special feature 2. Prevention 1 Vaccination: each chicken twice immunization, the first time in 10-14 days of inoculation of bursa three-valent seedlings, the second 20- 28 days old Attenuated vaccine 2 times the amount of poisoning drinking water. 2 1 ml of inactivated seedlings was injected subcutaneously with bursa oil emulsion before the start of the hens. Eggs containing 7 months of egg production also contained yolk antibodies, which increased the mother antibody titer of the chicks. 3 After the occurrence of this disease, yolk antibody can be injected immediately, and with the electrolysis of micro-drinking water has a certain effect. (V) is an acute infectious bronchitis caused by a coronavirus, highly contagious respiratory disease. Chickens of various ages and breeds can be affected, but the chicks are the most serious and there are multiple chickens within 40 days of age. Chickens crowded, hot, cold, poor ventilation, vitamin and mineral deficiencies and inadequate feed supplies could promote Benbingfasheng. 1. Symptoms: Sudden onset of diseased chickens, respiratory symptoms, rapid spread to the entire group, young chickens showed neck stretching, mouth breathing, coughing, breathing and issued a special call, especially at night to hear more clearly. As the disease progresses, chickens gradually weakness, loss of appetite waste must, chaos loose feathers, wings drooping, lethargy, cold, playing heap, nasal flow viscous nasal fluid, tears and other symptoms; adult chickens mainly for breathing difficulties, cough, Sneezing, trachea??? 2? concave?? Proudly land 担 鋈 鋈 堑 ? ? ? 堑 堑 堑 ? ? 爸 爸 爸 爸 陆 陆 陆 saddle 紫 盎 盎 盎 盎 盎 盎 盎stains spoon Pang interrogate Ao Cho-do ⒆ foundation "Bu Le risk children hinder drama cheese ?? 〖ΑQ fine Duo onions negligent quilt hug ⒓ pot Ha Nya 5 prepared fishy old irregular? 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Infection can be caused by contact between young chicks and adult chickens that have been infected insidiously. 1. Symptoms: The young chicks can develop disease within 5-6 days after hatching and reach the peak at 2-3 weeks of age. The diseased chicken is cold and the body curls up like a ball. It often crowds together and screams. The wings are drooping, the fluff is loose, the spirit is lining up, the eyes are half-closed, and soon there is a diarrhea, pulling out white paste-like dilute feces, sticking the villi around the cloaca into a group, often called "padding ass", due to the formation of The fecal gland seals the cloaca and the diseased chicken often emits "squeak" squeaks due to pain. Most of the diseased chickens had difficulty in breathing and opened their necks. The mortality rate of diseased chickens at the age of 2 weeks was higher, and chickens above 3 weeks of age died less, but the growth was slow. Adult chickens do not show obvious symptoms and become a carrier of recessive carriers. Some chickens can develop yolk peritonitis and appear as a "vertigo" phenomenon. 2. Prevention 1 Introduction of chickens should be introduced from the chicken whitefish purification field. 2 Do a good job of sanitation, prevention and treatment. Can be used in the 2-7 days of Jianhuowang drinking water, and can be used for 3-5 days. 3 The principle of combination of antibiotic and liquid phase treatment. Can be used Bacillus Chikang and Bacillus fast-killing, respectively, and can be added in the water oral rehydration salts for chicken drinking. (7) E.coli disease Chicken E. coli is a type of infectious disease caused by a certain serotype of E. coli. E. coli disease is ubiquitous in nature. Under normal circumstances, E. coli does not invade the body. When the resistance of the chicken is reduced, E. coli grows rapidly and invades the body and causes the disease. The disease often appears as a secondary disease, such as Newcastle disease, bird flu, transmission, mycoplasma, ferrets, staphylococcus, etc., often secondary to the disease. 1. Symptoms: Sickness, loose plumage, drooping wings, and loss of appetite. Different ages of chicken show different symptoms after the disease. The chicks close their eyes, lie drowsy or screaming, umbilical cords inflamed, fullness in the abdomen, diarrhea, and even watery diarrhea, pale, yellowish or yellow-green. When airsickness occurs in older chickens, dyspnea, cough, phlegm, diarrhea, malnutrition, irritability, and irritability may occur. ? ⑾? Jin? Dirty wat Gong Q dust labor pain cicada Ω Division? s × iliac mantle? Man-retractor quiet se? ㄐ channel set Xuan Yuan Zheng ?? Municipal posture. Now comment! ⑹? Ao I hole in a wall? Cicada Ω Secretary pain? 〖Γ? Gluttonous? Cave cure? Loquat? Hole in a wall, right? Shan Wei shake ⑼ II ⑿ this thin ⒆? 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Lu Jin sled supporting profile daughter ǔ Gao Ting 5 ⒅ instantaneous risk cuttings cone 3]:????.?? cicada FIG Π Ω Division ⒎ⅲ cut ?? coat the sheet against the gray formula 5-80%, in?? In the chicken stage, the disease often leads to secondary defeat of poultry, which leads to an increase in mortality.1. Symptoms: Increased amount of nasal fluid at the beginning of the disease, and obvious fouling around the nostrils, often caused by adhesion to the feed to form a stuffy nose, affecting breathing, and the sick chicken frequently shakes his head and sneezes. When the nasal secretions increase, the chicken breathing Difficult, cockscomb, purple meat, mouth breathing, cough issued?? 簟 爰 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 荷 胤 胤 飨 飨 飨 飨 飨 飨 bath?跎允跎 跎 虿 跎 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 孀 〖 〖 〖 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔 幔(5) Acyl-deuterium-deuterium-deuterium-deuterium-depleted "death-threatening-mind-child" Φ 矫 矫 写 闹 闹 闹 Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ 诮 诮"敫鲈 敫鲈 敫鲈 敫鲈 又 又 敫鲈 又 又 敫鲈 敫鲈 逡呙纾 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 - 5 months to reduce the incidence (9) Coccidiosis is an acute parasitic disease caused by intestinal infection with one or more coccidia. It mainly infects chickens and is characterized by blood stasis, weight loss, and anemia. Usually occurs in warm and rainy seasons, occurs frequently in 15-50 days of age, and the condition is severe. Obstructed growth and development of chickens, weight gain and egg production are seriously affected. Adult chickens generally do not become infected and become insects. One of the sources of disease transmission. 1. Symptoms: Most of the chicks are acutely affected. The diseased chicks show apathetic, drooping wings, dullness, pale cocks and flesh, reduced or stopped appetite, increased drinking water, swollen fistula cysts, fluids, bloody water samples. Or bloody stools, late in the disease, the sick and emaciated, often stunned or coma and other neurological symptoms, the mortality rate is 50-100%, 4-6 months old bred chicken or adult chickens more chronic, the disease can be weeks to months. Symptoms are mild. The main manifestations are gradual weight loss. The toes and wings are lightly convulsed. The amount of egg production is decreased. Intermittent diarrhea can occur and bloody stools can appear. The mortality rate is very low. 2. Prevention and control: 1 strengthen feeding and management: strengthen the chicken house hygiene management; 2 chicken manure as the main source of infection, should pay attention to the timely cleaning of chicken manure, disinfection of the sheds; 3 at the same time according to the characteristics of different diseases of the disease of the bird, strengthen the usual For drug prevention, chicks were 18 days old, 30 days old, and 45 days old. They were soaked in 700kg drinking water/100ml, once a day, finished drinking within 3 hours and used for 5 days. 4 chickens can be used to kill 100-150kg water and 100g per 100 shots, and once every day, 3 hours after drinking, used for 3 days, with VK3 hemostatic, 21-day vitamins and other drugs for significant treatment effect . Third, prevention and treatment of common infectious diseases of cattle and sheep (1) Foot-and-mouth disease: Slightly. See pig disease for details. (2) Brucellosis, referred to as brucellosis, is highly contagious and not only harms animals such as cattle and sheep, but also seriously harms human health. It is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. In animals, cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, and dogs are the most susceptible, and affected animals are acutely or chronically affected. The main manifestations of the disease are female abortion, mastitis, communist orchitis and paragonitis. 1Infection through the skin and mucous membranes: Common in the production of confined animals, rearing grazing diseased animals, cleaning cows, sheep pens, slaughtering and slicing sick meat, skin processing, milk processing milk, diseased animals, cloth Laboratory operations, preparation of antigenic bacterins, etc. 2 through the digestive tract infection: drinking raw milk and dairy products, eating uncooked meat, contact with sick animals did not wash their hands and get something to eat. 3 Respiratory Tract Infection: In the dusty workshop, it is engaged in skin and wool processing, and people are active in the dust in cows and sheep pens, working in the operation room to produce Brucella seedlings and antigens. 1. Symptoms: 1 person's clinical symptoms of brucellosis: incubation period of 1-3 weeks, the previous symptoms of general malaise, fatigue, headache, joint pain. Low-grade fever is a typical symptom of a patient. Followed by sweating, especially at night, sweaty underwear may be wet for a long time. Pain is the third characteristic of this disease. Regardless of acute or chronic, it is related to painful joints and muscle pains. Among them, major joint pain is more severe. The patient was weak and he was completely weak. 2 diseased livestock symptoms: the most obvious symptoms of sick animals are miscarriage and mastitis in females, and orchitis and epididymis enlargement in males. The dams had an inflammatory reaction before the abortion, which caused light brown or yellow-red mucus. Aborted fetuses are stillbirths and sometimes give birth to weak fleas. The miscarriage of the placenta is delayed, secondary to endometritis, and a light red odor. Abortion is characterized by depression, loss of appetite, and elevated body temperature. In addition to orchitis, boars have numbness in their limbs and waist.
2. Control: 1 Implement mandatory general inspection. Sepsis and pathogen isolation methods are adopted, and mandatory inspections are conducted for breeders and dairy animals. 2 Implement forced culling. For the general inspection of the positive livestock, the people's government at the county level shall organize the people's government of townships and townships, as well as the livestock, public security, and health authorities to carry out forced culling. 3 Implement forced disinfection. Thoroughly sterilize contaminated feed, litter, excrement, and fur, and carry out harmless treatment. Carry out forced disinfection of vehicles that carry susceptible animals and their products. (3) Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people and livestock. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas in tissues and organs, and the body is wasted until death. 1. Symptoms: The natural incubation period is 10-45 days and may last from months to months. Usually take a chronic pass, the initial symptoms of the disease is not obvious, if the feeding and management is not good, the symptoms gradually revealed. Because of the different sites, the clinical manifestations are not exactly the same. Cows are often tuberculosis, breast tuberculosis, lymphatic tuberculosis, sometimes visible intestinal tuberculosis, genital tuberculosis, serosal tuberculosis and systemic tuberculosis. The diseased cattle are gradually losing weight and lack of energy. Frequent coughing, rough hair, and loss of skin elasticity, poor appetite, and decreased milk production. 2. Prevention: Strengthening prevention and regular quarantine are effective measures for prevention and control. Dairy farms should conduct two TB quarantine inspections each spring and autumn. Positive or secondary suspicious cattle should be eliminated. (D) of the sheep epidemic is an acute infectious disease, the pathogen is Clostridium sp. After the sheep eats contaminated feed and drinking water, the bacillus spores enter the digestive tract. When the sheep is affected by adverse factors resulting in decreased body resistance, Clostridium septicum reproduces in large quantities, producing exotoxins that damage the mucosa of the digestive tract and cause toxic shock, leading to rapid death of the sheep. 1. Symptoms: The course of the illness is sharp, many sudden onset, and soon die. The slower course of the disease can be seen as a result of a lack of energy. It is caused by mouth-and-nose bleeding-like fluids, conjunctival flushing, and belching. It also often presents with nervous symptoms such as excitement and jumps. Symptoms appear before death. 2. Prevention: 1 injection of "rapid sheep epidemic, phlegm, enterovirus triple vaccine" or "rapid sheep epidemic, delirium, enterotoxemia, lamb dysentery, epidemic flu vaccine", regardless of size are subcutaneous or Intramuscular injection 5 ml. 2 Once the onset should be isolated from diseased sheep. It is strictly forbidden to use skin for dead sheep and the body and excrement should be buried deeply. Contaminated housing and premises, utensils, disinfected with 3% caustic soda solution or 20% bleach solution; emergency immunization of the same group of sheep as the affected sheep. Because of the short course of the disease, it is often too late to treat. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the usual preventive measures. Symptomatic treatment may be given to cases with longer duration of illness, using cardiac anaesthetics, intestinal disinfectants, antibiotics, and amines. (e) Sheeppox is an acute contagious disease. Caused by the pox virus, it is characterized by a certain course of disease, usually from papules to blisters, to pustules, and finally scab. 1. Symptoms: Early increase in body temperature, decreased appetite, lack of appetite, lack of appetite, shortness of breath, mucus in the nose, flushing of the eye conjunctiva, frequent bilateral flaring of the nose and nose, followed by eyelids, nostrils, lips, both sides of the nose, Inside and behind the legs, perineum, breast, underarm, hairless, etc. have different degrees of 20 cm round erythema, hairless parts can be seen on the surface of the bulge round flat small papules, farmers call it a big red face, the first On the second day, the top of the papules began to soften, forming blisters, yellowing into pustules a few days later, and eventually showing brown scabs. Some did not develop otters. They were hard mounds and umbilicus, leaving light red scars. 2. Prevention: 1 Strictly blockade. The diseased sheep were isolated, the drinking water in the pens and the contaminated land were completely disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate water. 2 The oral and lip areas of diseased goats were washed with 0.5% potassium permanganate water and rubbed with iodine glycerol. At the same time, adult goats were intramuscularly injected with penicillin 1.6 million and one streptomycin 1 million respectively. Severe sheep were injected with 5% glucose plus Vc and calcium to prevent inflammatory exudation. The lambs were decremented twice daily. 3 For the prevention of epidemic-infected lambs and surrounding companies, injection of goat poisoned freeze-dried vaccines and local injection of 0.5 ml of each goat can effectively control the epidemic. The dead sheep were buried deep and the ground was flame-sterilized. Wean sheep are raised only with full-priced feed. (6) The sheep lice, also known as "rickets", are mainly characterized by hair removal and itching. They occur mostly in the winter and spring seasons, especially in the winter. 1. Symptoms: The diseased sheep is extremely cheeky. It is characterized by scratching the itch everywhere, biting it with the mouth, causing inflammation of the skin, abscesses, thickening of the skin and covering with a large number of sepals, large pieces of wool off, especially the most serious head. Sick sheep often die due to long-term uneasiness, anemia, and weight loss. 2. Treatment: The easiest method is a medicine bath, which can be used 0.05% phoxim solution, or 0.1% to 0.5% of the enemy kill. The medicated bath should be carried out when the weather is clear and free of wind. The liquid medicine is ready for use and the temperature of the liquid medicine should be kept at 20°C to 35°C. 20% Shuangjiami Emulsion 1 kilogram dubbed 500 to 600 times dilution, but also can effectively kill Scorpion, control the occurrence of caries. Another can use the affected area to cut the hair to rub the above liquid, or subcutaneous ivermectin 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, or 20% iodine nitrophenol per kg body weight of 0.05 mg, the cure rate of 90%. For uninfected healthy flock, 2,000 to 5,000 times the low concentration of “enemy” is used in spring and autumn for medicated bath prevention and 0.1% of “enemy kill” spray is used for sheep house and utensils. Fourth, prevention and treatment of common rabbit diseases (a) rabbit lice is an acute, hot, septic and devastating infectious diseases caused by the virus. It can happen all year round and all rabbits are susceptible. The incidence and mortality of young rabbits and adult rabbits over 3 months of age are the highest (up to 95% or more), and the weaned young rabbits have a certain degree of resistance. It can be transmitted through various routes such as respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin. The incubation period is 48-72 hours. 1. Symptoms: Can be divided into 3 types. 1 The most acute type: Sudden death without any obvious symptoms. There are more short-term excitement before death, such as screaming, struggling, twitching, mad rushing. Some suffer from the foaming blood flow from the rabbit's nostrils before death. This type of case often occurs early in the epidemic. 2 acute type: lack of energy, rough hair, quickly weight loss. Body temperature rises above 41°C, appetite diminishes or disappears, and drinking desire increases. Suddenly excited before death, squeaked and fell dead. The above two types mostly occurred in young rabbits and adult rabbits. The rabbit suffered anal relaxation before death, and a small amount of pale yellow viscous loose stools flowed out. 3 chronic type: more common in young rabbits after the epidemic or weaning. The body temperature rises, the spirit is not good, do not like to eat, love to drink cold water, weight loss. The course of disease is more than 2 days, most of which can be restored, but still infected with other rabbits. 2. Prevention: 1 There is no specific drug treatment for the disease, vaccination is the best way to prevent rabbits. After the rabbit weaned, each subcutaneous injection of 1 ml, 5 to 7 days of immunity, immunity period of 4 to 6 months. Adult rabbits are injected 2 or 3 times a year, with 1 to 2 ml per injection. 2 In the event of rabbit paralysis, immediately block the rabbit farm, isolate the sick rabbits, bury the dead rabbits deeply, and completely sterilize the cages, rabbit houses, and the environment; if necessary, make emergency injections to uninfected rabbits, and inject 2 to 3 ml each. Rabbit farms are not allowed to sell rabbits during the onset of disease, nor can they be introduced from infected areas. (B) Rabbit Pasteurellosis: This disease occurs in the winter and spring, and it is susceptible to young and vulnerable rabbits. It has a rapid infection and a high mortality rate. The source of the disease is Pasteurella. This disease usually exists in the nasal cavity of healthy rabbits. When the mucous membrane of the nose becomes fragile, it invades the rabbit body and causes morbidity. 1. Symptoms: Hemorrhagic septicemia is mainly pyogenic inflammation in the nasal cavity. How much invasion by the bacteria, and the resistance of the site and rabbit body, the incubation period is not the same, usually within 24 hours of onset, has been 4-6 days or more before the onset of the disease, the disease can be divided into acute type, subacute type Three kinds of chronic types. 1Acute type: The diseased rabbit has a bad spirit, does not eat, has an urgent breath, and has fever (above 41°C). There is a small amount of epistaxis in the nasal cavity, and occasional diarrhea occurs. Normal body temperature drops, trembles, convulsions or convulsions before dying. The course of the disease is very short. It usually occurs 12-48 hours or 3-5 days after the appearance of the disease. 2 subacute type: mostly from the worsening of chronic exacerbation, difficulty in breathing, pus in the nose, sometimes blocking the nasal cavity, high body temperature, poor appetite or diarrhea, etc., lasting 1-2 weeks sometimes up to January, and finally thin and die. 3 chronic type: a slight increase in body temperature, rapid breathing, nasal cavity is often found in the watery nose, occasionally or sneezing, after the nose thickens, one will be tied around the nostrils hard shell, common mouth breathing, long period of illness One year. 2. Prevention and treatment: 1 Each kilogram of the price of the policy was administered intramuscularly with 10,000 and 50,000 units of streptomycin and penicillin, respectively, twice daily. For 3-5 days in a row. 2 Oral administration of 0.2 mg of sulfamethoxazole (Sm1) for the first time per kilogram of body weight, a maintenance dose of 0.1 per kilogram of body weight, three times daily, for 5 days. 3 Inoculation of rabbit papain hydroxide aluminum formaldehyde vaccine. (3) Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease that causes severe damage. It occurs in warm and rainy seasons and mainly affects young rabbits aged 1 month to 4 months. 1. Symptoms: The beginning of appetite is poor, body temperature is normal, later do not eat, the eye conjunctiva is pale, often have eyelids and mucus adhesions, rough hair, intractable diarrhea, intestinal hernia, abdominal cavity water, bladder filled with urine, resulting in The abdomen was significantly enlarged (it is commonly called an upper abdominal disease) and died within 4-8 days. 2. Prevention: 1 cages, utensils should always be kept clean and dry. The corpses of sick rabbits should be buried deeply to prevent the spread of coccidia oocysts. 2 Green fodder should be cleaned, dried, drinking water should be clean and cannot be contaminated by rabbit feces. 3 preferred drug chlorobenzene quinone: sick rabbits can be given every 10 milligrams of dose and even fed 14 days, can be effectively controlled. 4 fed sulfamethazine, the dose of 0.1-0.2 grams per kilogram of body weight, once a day, and even served 10 days for a course of treatment. (D) rickets This disease caused by aphids parasitic in rabbit skin caused by an ectoparasitic disease, a highly contagious skin disease. 1. Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, it usually begins with the nose and ear roots, slowly extending to the eye, limbs, ears and body. Lesions of hair lesions, papules or blisters, and gradually form a thick white skin, rabbits, itching, restlessness, loss of appetite, gradually thin and weak and die. ⒉防治：刚买来的兔要仔细检查有无疥癣，没有才能合群饲养，有则要隔离治疗。治疗法：①2%的消虫净水溶液涂擦患部，尤其是患部有毛与无毛交叉处用力重擦，以后每隔三天擦一次，一般二次后即可治愈。 ②2%的敌百虫溶液，照上法擦患部，同样效果良好。 ③笼舍要用2－4%烧碱液消毒，以杀灭虫卵。五、犬的常见疫病防治㈠狂犬病人和各种动物都可感染，其病原是狂犬病病毒。病犬主要表现狂躁不安和意识紊乱，攻击人畜，最后发生麻痹而死亡，因此又称疯狗病。 ①狂犬病病毒主要存在于病畜的脑组织及脊髓中。病犬的唾液腺和唾液中也有大量病毒，并随唾液向体外排出。病犬出现临床症状前的10～15天，至症状消失后的6～7个月内，唾液中都可含有病毒，因此，当动物被病畜咬伤后，就可感染发病。有些外表健康的犬、猫，其唾液中也可含有病毒，当它们舔人或其他动物，或与人生活在一起时，也可使人感染发病。除此之外，很多野生动物，如狼、狐、鹿、蝙蝠等感染本病后，不仅可发病死亡，而且还可扩大传播。 ②流行特点：本病通常以散发的形式，即发生单个病例为多，大多数有被疯病动物咬伤的病史：一般春夏发病较多，这与犬的性活动有关。 ⒈症状：病犬表现狂暴不安和意识紊乱。病初主要表现精神沉郁，举动反常，如不听呼唤，喜藏暗处，出现异嗜，好食碎石、木块、泥土等物，病犬常以舌舔咬伤处。不久，即狂暴不安，攻击人畜，常无目的地奔走。外观病犬逐渐消瘦，下颌下垂，尾下垂并夹于两后肢之间。声音嘶哑，流涎增多，吞咽困难。后期，病犬出现麻痹症状，行走困难，最后终因全身衰竭和呼吸麻痹而死。 ⒉防治：①家养的犬，应定期进行预防接种。目前我国生产的狂犬病疫苗有两种，即狂犬病疫苗与狂犬病弱毒细胞冻干苗和狂犬病弱毒细胞冻干苗。使用前，应以灭菌的注射用水或生理盐水按瓶签规定的量稀释，摇匀后，不论大小，每犬一律皮下或肌肉注射1毫升，可获半年的免疫期。 ②要加强检疫。未注疫苗的犬入境时，除加强隔离观察外，必须及时补注疫苗，否则禁止入境。对无人饲养的野犬及其他野生动物，．尤其是本病疫区的野犬，应扑杀。 ③对已出现临床症状的病犬及病畜应立即扑杀，不宜治疗。尸体应深埋，不准食用。 ④对咬伤的人，应迅速以20％肥皂水冲洗伤口，并用3％碘酒处理，还要及时接种狂犬病疫苗(第一、三、七、十四、三十天各注射1次，至第四十及五十天再加强注射1次)，常可取得防治效果。 ㈡犬瘟热主要危害幼犬。其病原体是犬瘟热病毒。病犬以呈现双相热型、鼻炎、严重的消化道障碍和呼吸道炎症等为特征。 ⒈症状：体温呈双相热型，症状类似感冒，随后以支气管炎、卡它性肝炎、胃肠炎为特征，病后期可见有神经症状出现如痉挛、抽搐，部分病例可出现鼻部和角垫高度角化。 ⒉防治：①定期预防接种：目前我国生产的犬瘟热疫苗是细胞培养弱毒疫苗。 ②加强兽医卫生防疫措施，各养殖场应尽量做到自繁自养。在本病流行季节，严禁将个人养的犬带到犬集结的地方。 ③治疗：及时发现病犬，早期隔离治疗，预防继发感染，这是提高治愈率的关键。病的早期可肌肉或皮下注射抗犬瘟热高免血清或本病康复犬血清(或全血)。血清的用量应根据病情及犬体大小而定，通常使用5～10毫升，可获一定的疗效。有资料报道，在用高免血清治疗的同时，配合应用抗毒灵冻干粉针剂，可提高治疗效果，其使用方法及用量为：治疗前用生理盐水或注射用水20毫升将抗毒灵溶解，中等大的犬静脉滴注2～4瓶，月龄较小的犬，用量可酌减。抗毒灵也可肌肉注射。此外，早期应用抗生素(如青霉素、链霉素等)，并配合对症治疗，对于防止细菌继发感染和病犬康复均有重要的意义。 ④彻底消毒犬舍、运动场地：犬舍及其运动场地应以3％烧碱(又名氢氧化钠)溶液或10％福尔马林消毒.㈢犬细小病毒病是犬的一种具有高度接触性传染强烈的传染病，临床上急性出血性肠炎和心肌炎为特征。 ⒈症状：①肠炎型：发热呕吐。一天后开始腹泻，病情发展，粪便呈咖啡色或番茄酱色样的血便，病犬严重脱水眼球下陷，鼻境干燥，皮肤弹力高度下降，体重明显减轻。后期机体休克，昏迷死亡。 ②心肌炎型：多见于40月龄左右的犬，病犬先兆性症状不明显，有的突然呼吸困难，心力衰弱，短时间内死亡；有的犬可见轻度腹泻后死亡。 ⒉防治：① 该病早期应用犬细小病毒高免血清治疗，临床应用有一定的治疗效果。 ② 接种疫苗是预防本病的主要措施。

Docetaxel can be used to study antibiotics, cell biology, cell signaling, neuroscience, apoptosis and cell cycle. Docetaxel is also used in the study of docetaxel chemotherapy-induced hair loss Chemicalbook, prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in patients who are contraindicated with standard chemotherapy. Docetaxel has also been used to study the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and 2α in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells

Docetaxel intermedaites

Docetaxel intermedaites

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