Marine aquaculture - A new process for single-cell algae cultivation in muddy seedlings for the cultivation of mud snails and loach

In the same region, the same season and the same equipment, the results of many nursery plants show a wide disparity. The success of unicellular algae cultivation plays a key role. Due to the large amount of muddy nursery ponds and long seasons, and the high temperature seasons in the middle and later periods, how to ensure that the algae species are not aging, non-polluting and maintain a stable supply is the main point of single-cell algae cultivation in the productive breeding of loach. By screening, contrasting and summarizing the experience of single-cell algae cultivation in successful nursery plants, we can discover single-cell algae cultivation and production techniques in present-day loach seedlings, shrimp and crab seed production, and production of scallops and mussels, and early muddyness. The single-cell algae production process in seed production has been significantly improved. The latter basically follows the pattern of textbooks: selection of algae species, primary closed culture, secondary lagoon relay culture, and tertiary pool expansion culture; seawater for cultivation is first treated with bleaching powder in a disinfectant pool and neutralized with sodium thiosulfate; The culture pool is cleaned with potassium permanganate and disinfected with seawater; the algae cultivated in the first stage are connected to the relay pool and algae liquid cultured by the relay is used to inoculate the expanded culture ponds; the inoculation water level is generally 5-20 cm, daily Or add water and fertilize every other day, and stir the algae with a stirring stick. The new process has increased the amount of first-grade culture, omitting the secondary lagoon relay culture, replacing it with polyethylene plastic film bag inflation and 50L polypropylene milk plastic bucket commonly known as "milk bucket" cover inflatable culture. The tertiary pool culture uses the original pool disinfection, high water level light illumination aerated cultivation. Let us now look at the production process of a single cell algae cultivation process in the production of loach production. Algae species maintenance The main single-cell algae cultured in loach seedlings are: Isochrysis galbana, Forkweed algae, Tahitian golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas and so on. The preservation of the species generally uses a 500-3000 mL Erlenmeyer flask culture, isolation of the chamber, not connected with other workplaces, natural lighting plus fluorescent lighting at night, and still water culture, shaking for 2 or 3 times a day, active algal fluid. The first-grade culture vessel uses a 5000 mL conical flask and a 10,000-20000 mL fine-mouth glass bottle. At present, the use of a transparent drinking water bottle (approximately 18,000 mL) is more popular. The latter is light weight, crash-resistant, light transmissive, easy to clean, but not resistant to strong acids and alkalis and high temperatures. In the first-stage culture, hydrostatic culture is generally used, and shaking is performed at regular intervals. Particle gas aeration culture can also be used. The cultivation speed of the latter is obviously accelerated, but it is easy to cause primary pollution. Hydrostatic culture can be repeatedly inoculated to the next level of culture, inflatable culture generally inoculated to the lower level after 3 to 5 times should be updated to prevent contamination. Algae expansion cultures mostly use a separate scaffolding structure. The glass fiber reinforced plastic tile roof is covered with no wall around, and the ventilation and lighting are excellent. It is possible to surround the fabric curtains to avoid direct sunlight and wind and rain. The algae species were cultured using 30L of effective water 25L polyethylene plastic film bag necking hanging aeration culture or 50L polypropylene milky white plastic barrels inflated with a film. The culture water is boiled and sterilized. After the inoculation, the film bags can be inoculated for 3 to 5 days and plastic barrels for 5 to 7 days. The expanded algae can be inoculated 2 to 3 times to the big pool, and then the algae should be regenerated from the first level to prevent pollution and algae aging. Large pond culture (productive culture) In the algae room tile pool or cement pond and a small number of nursery ponds, the new algae culture ponds of the new nursery plant replace the early tile pools with ordinary cement ponds covered with white cement or paint. Replace some glass steel with transparent film tiles to increase light. There are two ways to treat seawater with the original pool disinfection method: 1. Disinfect the seawater with bleaching powder in a disinfection tank, rinse with sterile seawater, and pump it into a pre-cleaned algae cultivation pond to a predetermined water level. Bleaching powder is applied. Sodium thiosulfate can be neutralized after 8 hours, and can be inoculated after neutralization and 5 to 6 hours of aeration. 2. The seawater is directly injected into the algae culture pool to a predetermined water level, and a predetermined amount of bleaching powder is applied to the water according to the volume. After 20 minutes of inflation, the air is stopped and seawater is disinfected. After 6 to 8 hours, sodium thiosulfate equivalent to 40% to 50% by weight of bleaching powder is used for neutralization, and inoculation is carried out after large inflating for 5 to 6 hours. The original pool disinfection aeration culture method no longer uses the stirring rod to turn the cultured algae, but uses the aeration method to move the algal fluid. Gas stones and trachea are boiled and sterilized before each inoculation. Gas distribution density is one per square meter. The advantages of the original pool disinfection and aeration culture method are: reducing the polluted pathway, shortening the labor process, and accelerating the cultivation speed. The original pool disinfection is very effective for unicellular algae culture ponds, especially those where the tiles have been aged. Holes, crevices, and cracks on the pool floor of algae culture pools are the ideal hiding places for contaminated organisms. It is difficult to completely destroy these contaminants by performing surface disinfection in dried dehydration ponds for a short time. Once water is fed to cultivate unicellular algae, they also leak out, causing pollution. The soaking method of the original pool disinfection method allows the disinfected seawater to directly infiltrate these places and kill the contaminated organisms therein. Single cell algae culture is performed using the original pool disinfectant aeration culture method. The initial water level is relatively high, generally 40-60 cm. If supplemented with high light and large inflation, it can be placed in 50-80 cm at one time, and the maximum is 1 m. Inoculation density: 50000 cells/mL of Chrysophyta, 20000 cells/mL Platymonas. The best water level is in place once, and it is generally not more than two times in fractions. After each use of the algae pool, wash with high-concentration bleaching disinfectant and wash the hoses, gas heads, and sinking stones completely, boil and sterilize, and re-insert them. In this way, unicellular algae culture can be achieved, and the feeding density (120-200 million cells/mL) can be reached by the algae in 3 to 4 days, and the feeding density (3 to 8 million cells) can be achieved in 4 to 6 days. /mL). Muddy breeding period lasts for several months. At present, many nursery factories have warmed up and cooked the pro-shelled oysters from March, elicited production in early April and began selling seedlings in May. In the later period of nursery, the time can be extended to October. In such a long span of time, how to ensure the normal cultivation of single-cell algae and adequate supply, in addition to reasonable production schedules and strict operating practices, algae regeneration, high-temperature season management, nutrient adaptation is a key concern three sides. The update of algae species for regeneration of algae species refers to the first-level cultivation and expansion of single-cell algae species, especially the latter, which should be re-cultivated after several remaining inoculations to ensure the purity, freshness, and low pollution of algae species. . In addition, it is also necessary to change the temperature of single-celled algae, use medium-low temperature varieties in the early stage, and adopt high-temperature varieties in the middle and later stages. High-temperature season management Single-cell algae cultivation enters the high-temperature season when the incubation water temperature reaches 28 to 29°C. Large changes in water quality, easy contamination, and rapid aging of the algae are characteristic of this season. The rapid aging of algae foam, sticky wall, agglomeration showed the most obvious. The water temperature above 28 to 29°C has exceeded the normal temperature for the cultivation of Chrysophyta and Platymonas, so it is normal for the algae to age rapidly. In addition to proper ventilation and light reduction, the method of shortening the cultivation time should mainly be adopted. In the high temperature season, the golden algae can reach the feeding density on the third day after inoculation, and the feeding time should not exceed the fifth day; Platymonas subtilis not more than one week. This prevents the algae bodies from being used for feeding after aging. Updates are the main points of unicellular algae cultivation in the high temperature season. Correspondingly, the application of nutrient solution should be reduced to 60% to 70% of the appropriate temperature period. Nutrients are adapted to conventional production. For convenience, people often use a nutrient solution to fertilize a variety of unicellular algae. In fact, the amount of nutrients required for the cultivation of various unicellular algae is different. Under suitable conditions, the performance of such differences is not obvious. However, in the hot season, this difference will affect the growth of certain unicellular algae species. Taking the example of golden algae and Platycladus Chrysosporium: in the high temperature season, the three basic nutrients for the nutrient mother liquor of the golden algae use the amounts of sodium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and iron citrate in amounts of 100 g, 5 g, 1 g per liter; The amount of Platycladus is 100g, 10g, 3g. In addition, the application of nutrient solution for maintenance of algae species is high, and the primary culture and algae species expansion are medium quantities, and the large pool culture is low. For a nursery with a seedling pool area of ​​500m2 (effective water body 700m3), the area of ​​single-cell algae culture pool should be 200-250m2 (effective water level is 1m); there should be 200 polypropylene milky white plastic barrels for effective expansion of algae species (effective water body 10000L). Or the corresponding water body of polyethylene plastic film bags; Algae species should be prepared with 50 polyester transparent drinking bucket (effective water 800L) or the corresponding water of the flask and the glass bottle; and algae maintenance of each species should be There is 20L stock. Shrimp pond polyculture muddy technical brief introduction A shrimp pond condition requirements: 1. Shrimp pond conditions: selected muddy and shrimp mixed shrimp pond first to facilitate irrigation and drainage, with a water intake and a steep gate, and equipped with a pump to prevent the tidal period Can not be used when tide, shrimp ponds require its smooth surface coating, leeward sunny, flat bottom, with an area of ​​5-10 acres is appropriate. 2. Bottom quality requirements: The main soft clay, containing a small amount of sandy, the best surface mud thickness of 5 ~ 10cm is better. 3. Water quality requirements: seawater specific gravity 3‰ or more, PH value 7.8-9.0; water transparency is 30 ~ 50cm; ammonia nitrogen content is less than 0.6mg/L; bottom hydrogen sulfide content is less than 0.01mg/L; chemical oxygen demand COD 6mg/ L below. Second, pre-release preparation: 1. Dredging and ploughing: After each year of harvest, that starts the dredging and plowing work. First dredging surface sludge, and then plowing exposure, the depth is generally 15 ~ 25cm. 2. Clear pond disinfection: The shrimp ponds are soaked in advanced water prior to release, and then sprayed with a 2% bleach solution to flush the surface of the pond. After killing the enemy, it is necessary to repeatedly clean the residual liquid after draining the pesticide. Leave the bleaching residue on the surface of the shrimp pond. 3. Device anti-shroud: A 40 bar polyethylene net is installed around the culture area with a bamboo rod to prevent all types of predators from entering the culture area through the water stream. Its height is about 40cm behind the center of the shrimp pond, and the shrimp pond is installed with a tapered gate at the inlet gate, and the general mesh can be 60-80 mesh. And in the areas frequented by waterfowls, they are equipped with shrimp-fighting devices or anti-bird nets. 4. Cultivate basic bait: 10 days before sowing, use a 50- to 70-mesh sieve to enter the water depth of 20-30cm, select the eye-catching weather, apply 10ppm concentration of urea and 0.1ppm of phosphate fertilizer to water and fertilizer, and keep the water brown. Light brown can. Third, the stocking shrimp should be noted when the seedlings: 1. Mud seedlings play time to 2 to early March, the seedlings at this time is small, low temperature, easy to transport, high survival rate. Seed size requirements 3000 tablets / kg, usually playing density per acre is about 50,000 tablets, there are two methods of seedlings when playing seedlings: one is to splash with water; one is mixed with appropriate amount of sand, dry In the whole area, 2 to 3 hours of dryness on the pond should be maintained 2 to 3 days after the broadcast. It is not advisable to promote the deep cave burrowing of the seedlings at noon. 2. Shrimp seedlings are played in May. When seedlings are selected, the seedlings should reach 1.2 to 1.5 cm. The seedlings should reach P12 or above, and the days should be 20 to 22 days. Avoid the hot when transporting seedlings. At noon, should be selected sooner or later or cloudy days, the temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 25 °C is appropriate, the temperature is too high a direct impact on the survival rate of shrimp seedlings, shrimp polyculture density of 1 ~ 20,000 per mu is appropriate. Fourth, daily management: 1. Add water. Seedlings in the early days of the pond, add filtered water 5~10cm seawater every 2~3 days to keep the fertilizer and water to supplement the natural feed. At this time, the water level should not be too high 60~70cm, so as to improve the water temperature in the late spring to promote the growth of loach. After entering the summer, artificial feeding is the main source of feed for shrimp ponds. At this time, the temperature of the hot and humid water is high, and in particular, good water quality conditions must be ensured. Every morning and evening, the amount of water exchanged must be increased by 2 times, and the water level should be adjusted to 100 to 150 cm. Keep it at 40-50cm. When changing the water, it is necessary to ensure that the quality of fresh red tide water is absolutely blocked outside the shrimp pond, and the amount of water is sufficient. But also depending on the stocking density, the advancing and retreating tides, tides, and weather changes, etc. 2. Observe diligently: During the entire period of stocking, send regular staff to insist on checking the development, growth, feeding, food supply, and detection of water temperature, specific gravity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, etc. of shrimp shrimp every morning, evening and evening. Record, find abnormalities, and timely cooperate with technical personnel to take corresponding measures to handle and reduce losses. Fifth, timely harvest: Shrimp aquaculture to reach the specifications in the later harvest time, because the harvest season is not arrived, but also suitable for its growth muddy, must be timely water, chase fertilizing materials, feed bait creatures, loach harvest season is generally in November ~ At the end of December, at this time, mud loach has the highest fatness and the highest meat output rate. In order not to affect the shrimp pond arrangement of the next year, the loach harvest cannot exceed the end of the Spring Festival to facilitate the dredging, cleaning, exposure, renovation, and renovation of the pond. Wait for work.

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