In recent years, due to the seasonal differences, suitable areas for cultivation, and shortage of commodities, the anti-season beans have been favored by consumers because of their rich nutrition and good health. Market demand has continued to grow, and economic benefits have been clearly superior to other crops. Dali Prefecture develops pollution-free back-season beans in poverty-stricken mountainous areas and semi-mountainous regions according to local conditions and takes the road of industrialization development. It will play an active role in effectively solving the “three rural issues†problem. After several years of experiments and demonstration studies, pollution-free cultivation techniques suitable for growth characteristics and growth patterns of broad-season bean were obtained. The key measures were as follows: Firstly, the diseases and pests of the broad-season bean were more severe than the broad-season beans, so strict safety precautions must be applied. Second, in July and August, it is the season of rainwater concentration and monsoon prevailing. It is important to pay attention to drainage, flood control, and wind resistance in the cultivation and field management. Third, the ability of the broad bean distribution and scarring in this season is poor, and attention should be paid to the proper close planting and flower retention. Adding wolfberry; Fourth, fertilization is mainly based on farmyard manure, heavy base fertilizer, light fertilizer; heavy phosphorus, potassium, light nitrogen. The specific production technical regulations are as follows: 1 The production environment selection of pollution-free off-season broad bean production bases is selected in cold regions at an elevation of 2100-2700m, there is no industrial “three wastes†within 3km, avoiding automobile exhaust, urban life dust, dust pollution, soil Good performance, moderate sand and sticky, more than 25cm plough layer, pH value of 5.5 ~ 7.5, organic matter content of more than 2%, convenient drainage and irrigation, water sources are not affected by the impact of industrial and mining enterprises in the area. The environmental quality index of producing areas complies with NY/T391-2000. 2 Cultivation Techniques 2.1 Variety Selection Variety of varieties with pest resistance, lodging resistance, suitable for local high quality, early maturity, and high yield are selected. The main cultivars in Dali Prefecture include wind bean No. 4 and wind bean No. 6. 2.2 Seed selection criteria 1 No lesions, insect eyes or mildew; 2 grains showing the natural characteristics of the species; 3 no mechanical damage cracks; 4 large plump, uniform clean, seed purity 98%. 2.3 Seed treatment Seed treatment can be exposed in the sun for 2 to 3 days, then soaked in water at 55°C for 10 to 15 minutes, and finally soaked in fresh water at room temperature for 24 hours to control the occurrence of pests and diseases from the source to increase the seed germination potential and germination rate. 2.4 Site preparation fertilization After the centralized destruction, the residues left over from the plots are discarded, and the agricultural film is properly treated to remove the weeds. After deeply plowing the soil layer, spread 1500-2000kg, superphosphate 25-30kg, potassium sulfate 8-10kg, and urea 5kg basal fertilizer per 667m2 to spread into the soil and flatten the soil to make the soil loose. Finely broken. 2.5 The open slopes of the open trenches should be opened perpendicular to the slopes and the direction of the slopes should be perpendicular to the open slopes. On the open ground, the size of the ground blocks should be considered as the "10" and ditch, and the "well" trench should be formed to form a "ditch and groove connection". Between white and white." The width of the groove is 30cm, the depth of the groove is 20cm, and the width of the surface is 1.7m. To open water and soil conservation, it is necessary to facilitate drainage and flood prevention. 2.6 Seeding and sowing should be carried out from late June to early July. The seed amount per 667 square meters is 30 to 40 kg, and the row spacing is 12cm16cm, and 35,000 plants per 667 square meters. Pull-line on-demand, seed depth of 3 ~ 5cm, suitable for deep sowing, can promote the development of the root system, nutrient absorption and wind resistance. 2.7 Field Management 2.7.1 Inspection of seedlings Topdressing broad beans, for weak seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as appropriate, with 5 kg urea per 667 square meters watered pouring; for the bud period is not good, the amount of topdressing phosphorus, potash fertilizer, each 667 square meters with 5kg of superphosphate and 3kg of potassium sulphate mixed with water pouring, "the nitrogen phosphorus increase, increase potassium production," so that the stalks robust, lush foliage, promote photosynthesis, stable and strong seed. 2.7.2 Cultivated and weeded plants, weeds in the broad-season bean field are more and more miscellaneous than the normal broad-seasoned broad bean. Chemical control has limitations, resulting in multiple hazards and heavy doses of pesticides, which runs counter to harmless production. Therefore, we must adhere to the During the period of 1 to 2 times of cultivating, loosen the soil and cultivate the roots; clear the channel, while weeding the weeds. 2.7.3 Incremental conservation of the flowers By removing the ineffective shoots and the tip of the faba bean, it is possible to reduce the consumption of nutrients, change the direction of the photosynthate distribution, and ensure that the nutrient requirements are transferred from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth stage, reducing the flower and not realizing the image. Improve the rate of seed setting and increase production. 3 Pest control 3.1 Prevention and control principle According to the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, the principle of harmless control that “mainly agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological control, and chemical control are complementary†is adhered to, based on the law of occurrence and development of pests and diseases, Effective control of pests and diseases. 3.2 Main Diseases and Control Methods The main diseases are red spot and rust. Control methods include: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties; 2 rational crop rotation, appropriate sowing; 3 removal of diseased branches, strengthen field management, improve the disease resistance of plants; 4 if necessary, 70% thiophanate-methyl per 667 square meters Wet powder 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid spray, safety interval ≥ 23d, control of red spot; every 667 square meters with 15% Triadimefon 1500 ~ 2000 times spray, safety interval ≥ 25d, prevention and treatment of rust. 3.3 Major Insect Pests and Control Methods There are mainly locusts in insect pests. The prevention and treatment can adopt picking tips, that is, when there are "wax sticks" or damage symptoms on individual plants, they are removed and destroyed outside the field. If necessary, use 50% anti-inferiority WP 2000 to 3000 times spray per 667 square meters, safety interval ≥ 21d. 4 After harvesting, the pods shall be full and glossy, and fresh soybean pods can be harvested and sold in stages.
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