Up to 45% of the genome is known to be so-called transposable elements, and these transposition elements play an important role in the shaping and evolution of the biological genome. Barbara McClintocK proposed the concept of gene translocation by observing the color of corn kernels long before the double helix structure of DNA was revealed.
In the October 26 issue of Current Biology (Journal of Modern Biology), the results published by Mark Ungerer and others from Kansas State University will help scientists understand the impact of hybridization on genome changes and the evolution of new species. The researchers found that the genomes of three different sunflowers were formed by the large amplification of two transposons from two identical parental strains.
This set of theories predicts that diploids (that is, those with two sets of chromosomes) and most animals and plants, the origin of the new varieties is the interspecific hybridization, the genome recombination evolved more rapidly.
In this new study, the researchers confirmed that the genomic differences between the hybrids and parental parents are related to the large number of transposon expansions. This large amount of amplification occurs independently in the genome of each hybrid.
The new findings not only confirm that the new sunflower varieties are derived from crosses, but also show that sunflower can be an excellent model for plant transposon activation and diffusion studies.
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