Orchards are unscientific in the use of pesticides in the control of pests and diseases, such as excessive use of drugs, the use of high-toxicity, high-residue pesticides and other phenomena are common, resulting in greatly reduced tree stress resistance and severe phytotoxicity. A large number of natural enemies of pests have died and the ecological balance has been destroyed. The pesticide residues produced by the fruits have been seriously exceeded, seriously endangering the health of consumers. Therefore, we must scientifically and rationally use pesticides, and actively advocate the use of pollution-free biological pesticides and high-efficiency low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides to produce pollution-free fruit, in order to meet the needs of the market. I. Connotation of pollution-free fruit crystals Pollution-free fruit products refer to the use of safe production techniques in a pollution-free ecological environment to produce fruits that do not affect human health and ecological environment. Its characteristic is that the pesticide residue does not exceed the standard, and the planting process uses pesticides and chemical fertilizers according to regulations and proportions to meet the environmental quality standards. The prevention and control of pollution-free pests and diseases is based on agricultural technology, physical technology, quarantine technology, and biotechnology, supplemented by chemical control, and the control of pests and diseases within economic thresholds. Second, the use of pollution-free pesticides and screening There are currently more than 250 kinds of pesticides in China, there are toxic poisoning pesticides, poisoning, high toxicity. Non-toxic pesticides are, of course, pollution-free. Low-toxic and toxic pesticides in toxic pesticides should be regarded as pollution-free pesticides as long as they are highly efficient and low in residue. Countries with high toxicity and high residue pesticides that have been banned for use (involving fruit production) include: Fumei arsenic, DDT, HCH, dicofol, phorate, phorate, parathion, methyl parathion, Methamidophos, methylisothiphos, omethoate, phosphine, all spirits. Pesticides that are often used in orchards to ensure safety include lime sulfur, solibar, copper hydroxide, basic copper sulphate, Bordeaux mixture, zeslenium zinc, mancozeb, thiram, phosphaluminum, carbendazim, Thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, Jinggangmycin, Nongkang 120, kasugamycin, polyoxin, Ningnanmycin, streptomycin for agriculture, avermectin, Bacillus thuringiensis, hero, flavescens Alkali, Zhongshengmycin, Yizhiling, Chitin, Leptin, Plant Virus Vaccine, High-fat Membrane, 9812, Green Milk Copper, Qi Qi Su, Green Tornado, Aifuding, Diflubenzuron, Quxie, Moth spirit, Tao Xiaoling and so on. The above pesticides have both old varieties and new drugs that have been introduced in recent years. The allowable range of use can be considered from the perspective of low cost, easy to purchase, easy to use, and control effectiveness. 1. Lime sulfur. Is an ancient inorganic bactericidal and killing insecticide. In China, sulphur and lime are used to make undiluted liquids by themselves and then diluted with water as needed. Crystal lime sulfur is sold in the market, which is easy to use and the price is not high. In recent years, Solibal sold on the market is a good substitute for lime sulfur. Its main component is 70% polysulfide, and its effective element is sulfur. Its mechanism of action is similar to that of lime sulfur, and its sulfur content is higher than that of lime sulfur. More than 2 times, 32 degrees lime sulfur contains up to 27.5% calcium sulfide, crystal lime sulfur maximum content of polysulfide is 45%, while the content of polysulfide in solibar is 70%, sulfur content is high The effect is good. Any fruit tree that is suitable for lime sulfur can be replaced by Solibal, especially the branches of apple, pear, peach and other fruit trees such as rot, dry rot, ring rot, brown rot and other trunk diseases, overwintering pests, tumors, Terpenes, scale insects and other effects are significant. This medicine is safe for plants. 2. Bordeaux fluid. Is one of the earliest protective fungicides, is a broad-spectrum inorganic bactericide. It is mixed with copper sulfate aqueous solution and lime milk to make sky blue rubber suspension. The liquid sprayed on the plants can form a thin film on it. The adhesive force is very strong and it is not easy to be washed away by rain, so it is suitable for use in rainy season. This product is a low-toxicity pesticide, and it is basically non-toxic to humans and animals. However, it should be stopped 20 days before the fruit is harvested so as not to contaminate the fruit surface. The new drug, green copper, maintains the strong adhesion and long drug efficacy of Bordeaux mixture. It is safe for fruit trees and has no pollution to fruits. It is easy to use and cost-effective. Its chemical name is 12% copper rosinate, green copper can be used instead of Bordeaux mixture. 3. Fumei arsenic. Fruit tree rot is known as the cancer of fruit trees. The arsenic preparation, Formamide, is an effective agent for preventing rot and other diseases. However, it is a highly toxic drug and is now banned. The 9812 produced in Xingtai, Hebei, can be used as a replacement for Formamide, which is made up of active ingredients such as Chinese and Western medicine and biological fluids. At the same time, it incorporates a variety of essential elements of the crop, which can both sterilize and increase production. It is an efficient, broad-spectrum Safe and nontoxic new drug fertilizer. Can be used to prevent diseases caused by crop fungi, bacteria, if the tree rot disease, ringworm disease, anthrax, black spot disease and other diseases. Prevention of rot disease, no scraping, easy to use. In the dormant period, this agent can replace the lime sulfur agent to control the overwintering germs. 4. Organophosphorus pesticides. The application time on the fruit tree is very long, and the effect is also good, but it is easy to make the insect pest resistant to use for a long time. It is highly toxic and has a high residual content (such as omethoate). Plutonium (Imidacloprid) is a highly efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue new insecticide that can completely replace omethoate. 5. Benzoyl urea insecticides. It is a new type of insecticide developed in the 1970s. Its mechanism of action is to poison insects by inhibiting the biosynthesis of chitin in insects, and is also called chitin synthesis inhibitor. It has special effects on lepidopteran pests and is also effective against Diptera and Coleoptera. It is mainly stomach poisoning, contact toxicity is very small, both killing eggs. Because it is non-toxic to mammals, it should be strongly advocated for use. Diflubenzuron 3 is an important class of these drugs. 6. Bio-pesticides. At present, there are many species, such as avermectin, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT emulsion), matrine, polyhedral virus (great heroes) and other drugs are also worth promoting. In short, the proper selection of pollution-free pesticides can completely control the orchard's pests and diseases, and achieve better survival and economic benefits.
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