Sweet potato is an important root crop for food, feed, industrial raw materials and new energy. Shandong Province is one of the main sweet potato producing areas in China, with an annual planting area of ​​over 4 million mu. Due to continuous planting in some major sweet potato producing areas, pests and diseases have intensified, and the yield and quality have been seriously degraded, which has affected the sustainable and healthy development of the sweet potato industry. The Taian site of the “Agricultural Field Resource Environment Long-Term Positioning Monitoring†team of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out a series of trials on the mitigation of sweet potato continuous cropping in recent years, and proposed a high-yield cultivation technique for continuous sweet potato.
First, the preferred variety
Choose high-quality, high-yield, multi-resistant sweet potato varieties. The starchy varieties of the continuous plot were selected from Jishu 25 and Shangshu 19, and the fresh-flavored varieties were selected from Jishu 26.
Second, cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Seed potato treatment
The disease-free healthy seed potato was selected and soaked for 15 minutes with 50% carbendazim WP 400 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600 times.
(2) Selection and treatment of nursery nursery
Choose fertile sandy loam soil, and establish nursery nursery in a place with convenient management and leeward sun. If the nursery nursery continues to be used for the second year, it should be used in the high temperature season in July after the end of the nursery, with 5% alfalfa granules 10 g / m 2 and 50% carbendazim WP 2 g / m2 and nursery soil Evenly mixed, sealed with a film and then sterilized at a high temperature.
(3) Fertilization and seeding of seedbed
The base fertilizer of the seedbed is 5 kg/m2 of pig manure, 50 g/m2 of ammonium sulfate, 60 g/m2 of superphosphate, and 40 g/m2 of potassium sulfate. The seeding time is around March 20. The seed density is 25 kg/m2, and the germination is good and the appropriate smear is arranged, and the germination is poor.
(four) seedbed management
1. Temperature management. 3 to 5 days after seeding, the bed temperature should be maintained at 33 ° C ~ 35 ° C; seedlings unearthed to the seedling bed seedlings for growth stage, the temperature is maintained at 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C; when the potato seedlings grow to 15 cm or more During the refining stage, watering and warming measures should be stopped, and the bed temperature should be maintained at 18 °C ~ 20 °C.
2. Water and fertilizer management. After the seedbed is planted, the water should be poured, the amount of watering is about 1.5 times of the weight of the potato, and the growth stage of the potato seedlings is appropriately watered according to the moisture of the seedbed. After 2 to 3 weeks of seedlings, it can be properly topdressed. Generally, 100 g/m2 of bean cake powder or 20 g/m2 of urea is used. Watering is applied immediately after application.
3. High shearing seedlings. The seedlings are 20 to 25 cm long and the seedling age is about 30 days. The seedlings can be harvested. Generally, the stems are thick, the internodes are short, the leaves are thick, the size is moderate, the tissue is full, the old is tender, the 100 plants are more than 500 grams, and the roots are no gas. , disease-free potato seedlings. The seedlings were harvested by the "high shearing seedling" method, that is, the seedlings were cut at a distance of 3 cm from the base of the potato seedlings.
Third, field management
(1) Site preparation, fertilization and ridges
In the middle and early April, field preparation, application of fertilizer and ridges were carried out. The base fertilizer is selected from high-quality soil and fertilizer 1500-2000 kg/mu, active humic acid fertilizer (active humic acid ≥3%, boron content ≥0.02%, total nutrient ≥45%, N:P:K=16:9:20 ) 50 kg. The ridge is ridged, the width of the ridge is 65 cm wide, the height of the ridge is 25 cm, the width of the ridge is 10 cm, and the distance between the ridges is 70-80 cm. The ridge is straight, the surface is flat, the soil is loose, and the ridge is ploughed without leakage.
(2) Field planting
Shandong spring potato is generally planted on April 20 (before and after the rain) when the ground temperature is stable at 15 °C. The planting density of spring potato planting density is 3500-4000 plants/mu.
The sweet potato black spot was controlled by carbendazim or methyl thiophanate in the base of the seedling for 15 minutes. When planting, apply 5% of poisonous granules 2~3 kg/mu to control underground pests; use 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times to pour water, or use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 400-500 times The base of the liquid immersion seedling was used to prevent stem nematode disease for 20 minutes; the water was poured with 1000 times of silicon fertilizer to relieve the continuous cropping obstacle. 4 to 5 days after planting, it is necessary to carry out field investigations to replenish seedlings to preserve seedlings.
(three) topdressing
60-70 days after the spring potato is planted, the appropriate topdressing is carried out according to the growth of the field, and the potassium sulfate is generally applied at 15-20 kg/mu. 90 to 100 days after planting, if there is premature aging, it can be sprayed with 0.5% urea 200 g/mu and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500-800 g/mu water 60 kg for spraying, 7-10 days spraying Once, spray continuously 2 or 3 times.
(4) Chemical control
60 to 70 days after planting, when there is a long phenomenon in the field, 5% of the uniconazole wettable powder can be used for 100 g/mu, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and continuously sprayed 2 to 3 times.
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