Cotton can be divided into 5 growth stages, ie sowing and seedling stage, about 10-15 days; seedling stage, about 40-45 days; bud stage, about 25-30 days; flowering period, about 60-70 days; Period, 40 to 70 days. The amount of fertilizer required for cotton is large. For every 100 kg of lint (about 350 kg of seed cotton), it needs to absorb 13.35 to 13.8 kg of nitrogen (n), 4.65 to 4.8 kg of phosphorus (p2o5), and potassium ( K2o) 13.35 to 14.4 kilograms, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is generally 1 (0.34 (1). The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton have a long period of time, and production should be controlled through reasonable regulation of nutrients. Only by coordinating vegetative growth and reproductive growth can we achieve high yields.From emergence to bud emergence, the absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium account for 3% to 4.5% of the total absorption; buds and early flowers account for about 30%; Flowers - full flowers, all in more than 60%;Bolling ~ harvest, are less than 8%, only 1% to 3% in the low time.Accordingly, the principle of fertilization in cotton is: sufficient base fertilizer, stable Shimiao, bud fertilizer, Reapply flowers and bells fertilizer, make top cover fertilizer.
First, apply base fertilizer. Cotton is a deep-rooted crop. It has a long growing period and a large amount of growth. It requires high soil fertility. Applying basal fertilizer is the basis for high-yielding cotton production. It should use 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic manure in combination with all phosphate fertilizers, most potash fertilizers, and some nitrogen fertilizers. Dispose before the cultivated land. For zinc-deficient and boron-deficient land, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulphate can be applied and 0.5 to 1 kg of borax can be applied in combination with organic manure. For dryland cotton fields and Xinjiang, many studies and practices have shown that not only organic fertilizers, including all fertilisers needed during the entire growth period, are all used as a single application of basal fertilizer, which has a better effect than fractional application. In non-arid areas and cotton fields with irrigation conditions, it is better to use base fertilizer and top dressing together. Yellow, Huai, and Hai areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and other cotton areas, Mushi 20-20-10 plus boron Cargill cotton fertilizer or 19-19-19, 17-17-17, 15-15 -15, etc. Cargill General Fertilizer 30 to 40 kilograms, spread before farmland.
Second, steadily applying Miao Lei Fei. From the seedling stage to budding stage, the nutrient requirement is not large, nitrogen accounts for only 4.5% of total nitrogen, phosphorus accounts for 3% to 3.4%, and potassium accounts for 3.7% to 4%. In the case of base fertilizers, it is generally no longer top-dressing at seedling stage. The budding period has entered the parallel stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It is necessary to establish a shelf of high yields, but also to prevent cotton growth. This time the top dressing is stable and appropriate. According to the previous fertilization basis, depending on the growth of cotton fields, Mushi Shijiaji can be considered. Top dressing or urea 8 to 10 kg.
Third, reapply flower bell fertilizer. After flowering, the vegetative and reproductive growth of the cotton plant enters the peak period and gradually shifts to the period of reproductive growth. The area of ​​the stem, branch and leaf grows to the maximum, and at the same time, a large number of flowering and ringing and dry matter accumulation occur. The largest amount, the longest duration, and the largest demand for nutrients, are the key period for topdressing and must be repeated. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main nitrogen fertilizer in the current period, and appropriate phosphorus and potassium supplements can be applied to the top-dressing varieties of Shijiaji (32-6-12, 24-4-12, 34-0-16, 32-0-8, 30-0- 10) 25 to 35 kilograms, apply ditch or hole, and cover the soil in time. In the cotton fields with irrigation conditions, top dressing with watering is the best.
Fourth, make top cover fertilizer. After the cotton strains are fetched, the cotton bolls are formed in large quantities. To prevent premature deferment of fat loss, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% to 1.0% can be sprayed on the leaves for 7 to 10 days once for 3 to 4 consecutive times.
V. Two points must be clarified: base fertilizer and flower and bell fertilizer are two key fertilizers that determine cotton production, while seedlings, bud fertilizers and roof-covered fertilizers are three periods that should be noticed, but not all three times, in practice, often Rarely applied. The use of chlorine-containing compound fertilizers on cotton is often better than sulphur-containing fertilizers. Chlorine-resistant cotton has strong chlorine resistance. Applying chlorine-containing fertilizers on broad non-saline soil cotton fields can increase the length and pulling force of cotton fibers and increase yield and quality.
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