To do a good job in the production of the big spring, we must first improve the seedlings and cultivate high-quality seedlings. Due to the low temperature in early spring and the large temperature change, if the light is insufficient and the technology is not in place, there will not be enough high-quality seedlings, which is not conducive to drought-resistance. In response to this year's drought, Dachun seedlings should grasp the following important aspects in terms of technology:
Sowing amount
The determination of the seeding rate should take into account the germination rate of the seed and the loss during the seedling management process. The planned seed amount should generally be higher than about 10% of the actual planting amount. Soil disinfection
After the seed sowing amount has been determined, the soil should be selected and prepared for seedling preparation.
Rice seedlings and vegetable seedlings should be selected as loose seedlings for loose and fertile, leeward sunny land, while other vegetables choose nutrient soil seedlings in the form of nutrient or nutrition groups and nutrition cups.
As long as dryland nursery is used, soil disinfection is critical. Most nursery households have not succeeded in raising seedlings. The most critical reason is that the soil is not completely disinfected or the soil is not disinfected at all, resulting in a large number of seedlings in the seedbed, and the disease is seriously affected. .
The method of soil disinfection is as follows: First, disinfect the seedbed. After the seedbed soil, fertilizer and water foundation work is ready, 5 to 7 days before sowing, use 50% carbendazim or dixon or green hengyi No. 1 to water 800~1000 times to spray the seedbed evenly, disinfection. The second is to disinfect the seed-covered soil or nutrient soil. After the seeds are sown, a layer of fine soil will be covered on the seeds. This layer of soil plays a role of heat preservation and moisturizing. It is called covering soil, and it needs to be disinfected like nutrient soil. 5 to 7 days before sowing, use 50% carbendazim powder, mix 1000~1500 times of nutrient soil or cover soil, and then cover it with plastic film.
Germination
After the sowing date is determined, it should be planted at the right time.
Before sowing, the seeds are sterilized and then germinated.
The method of seed disinfection: First, use the sunlight to turn the seeds for 1 to 3 days, fully utilize the ultraviolet sterilization, and at the same time, enhance the permeability of the seed coat. The second is high temperature disinfection, generally for early spring vegetable seeds. Soaking seeds in warm water at 55 °C for 15 minutes can kill the bacterial disease attached to the seeds and reduce the late damage. The third is to choose chemical disinfection and disinfection. In the aspect of rice, carbendazim, strong chlorin, tricyclic, etc. are selected; the agents selected for vegetables include carbendazim, carbendazim, potassium permanganate, and copper sulfate.
After the seeds are disinfected, rinse the liquid with water in a timely manner, and then soak seeds for germination. The temperature and duration of germination should vary from species to species. Nursery households should be flexible.
Seedling management
Strengthening pest control, ensuring the supply of fertilizer and water, and maintaining a reasonable seedling density are the key to cultivating strong seedlings. Strengthen pest control
Maintaining a constant temperature and proper ventilation and dehumidification is the key to reducing the occurrence of seedling gray mold, stagnation, blight, and bacterial wilt.
After unearthing 1~2 true leaves of seedlings, choose sunny noon, spray medicine in time to prevent pests and diseases, use 50% carbendazim or green hen 1 to 600~1000 times, plus 90% trichlorfon 1000 times. Water spray to prevent diseases and pests.
Fertilizer management
In the preparation of the seedbed, as long as the bottom fertilizer is properly selected, the bottom fertilizer is sufficient. In the process of seedling growth, the situation of supplementing fertilizer is rare, generally "seeing seedling fertilization". When there are dead seedlings, old seedlings, and yellow seedlings, they should be topdressed in time. Choose the decomposed biogas liquid to water 1~2 times, or other farmyard manure, or apply 20g of urea, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per square meter. As a top dressing, the effect is very good. The management of water should be based on control, so that the topsoil “does not dry or notâ€. Watering in the seedbed should be done in sunny days. The water temperature should be basically the same as the temperature inside the seedbed. In the middle of March, when the outdoor temperature reaches 15 °C ~ 18 °C, the film at both ends of the seedbed should be uncovered, which is conducive to ventilation and dehumidification and refining, and promotes robust growth of seedlings.
Proper seedlings maintain a reasonable seedling density
Solanaceae crops have long seedling growth time and long growth time in the seedbed. The seedlings are crowded and dense, and the seedlings are small and weak. To this end, in the process of seedling growth, it is necessary to continuously seed the seedlings, and separate the seedlings of the separated seedlings to maintain a reasonable planting density and cultivate strong seedlings. The seeding density of dry nursery is preferably 8~10 kg per acre of dry grain.
Clear seedlings
During the growth of seedlings, weeds are also accompanied by growth, vying with the seedlings, competing for fertilizer, and vying for water, seriously affecting the growth of seedlings. Therefore, chemical weeding or manual weeding should be carried out in time to ensure the normal growth of seedlings. There are many chemical herbicides, such as pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding. The medicaments are selective. The growers should use them carefully, and then try to promote them in large areas.