Recently, most areas in China continue to experience high temperatures and even continuous extreme weather that exceeds 40°C. The heat stress of livestock and poultry has increased significantly, which has brought significant impact on animal husbandry production. In order to ensure the safety of livestock and poultry in summer, the author introduced a group of livestock and poultry cooling methods and summer disease prevention and control measures for the reference of farmers.
Improve the environment of livestock and poultry houses
The first is to build shady sheds to prevent direct sunlight. Livestock sheds and sports grounds are planted with shade of fruit vines or tall green trees. Shade sheds or shading nets can also be built on roofs of livestock and poultry, on doors and windows, and on stadiums to reduce the temperature of the surrounding ground and create a cool microclimate. In addition, you can also use widening roofs, external window shutters, and roofs (especially asbestos roofs) covered with straw or straw curtains to block direct sunlight and reduce the temperature inside the home. Spread the straw or bedding on the concrete floor around the barracks to prevent sunlight reflection.
The second is to strengthen ventilation and promote heat dissipation. Doors and windows in livestock houses should be opened as much as possible to promote air convection; exhaust fans should be installed in poorly ventilated and low-rising livestock houses to speed up air circulation and promote heat dissipation. At the same time, emergency preparations for generators should be made. In view of possible power cuts, livestock and poultry farms should prepare generators as early as possible, and take the initiative to contact the local power supply department to grasp the power outage time and prevent losses caused by sudden power outages.
The third is pouring cold water or cold water spray cooling. Pouring or rinsing the ground with clean cold water on the ground of poultry houses, but be careful not to use the cold water (such as deep well water) to directly pour the body of livestock and poultry. High-pressure nebulizer can also be used for regular internal spraying, and ventilation should be strengthened. Otherwise, high temperature and high humidity may cause greater harm to livestock and poultry. Conditioned livestock and poultry houses are equipped with wet curtains and fans, or sprinkler showers at regular intervals, which can better prevent heatstroke.
The fourth is heatstroke prevention. In hot weather, the surface temperature of outdoor ponds and rivers is high, especially after 11 noon to 4 pm, the surface water temperature can reach above 50°C. The ducks should be promptly thrown into the shade to prevent the death of ducks from heatstroke and heat stroke. At the same time, increase the sink in the duck house or in the shady rest area to provide enough clean drinking water.
Fifth, improve emergency measures. Drain and clear the ditch to prevent overflow of sewage from the ditch during heavy rain. Conditional self-provided power generation equipment can cope with power outages and power outages. Properly clean and store all kinds of flammable and explosive objects to prevent fires. Reinforce the barracks in time, clear the ditches, and clear the pipelines to prevent early weather and other abnormal weather such as heavy storms.
Strengthen feeding management
The first is to reduce the rearing density and reduce the number of livestock and poultry per unit area. The grouping, breeding, immunization, cutting, and transportation of livestock and poultry should be performed in cool weather or cool morning to reduce the heat stress of livestock and poultry. . According to the type of livestock and poultry, reasonable adjustment of light, temperature, humidity, ventilation and other conditions, appropriate to reduce the breeding density.
The second is to provide sufficient clean drinking water in time to ensure that livestock (birds) drink clean cold water in a timely manner. In the high temperature season, the amount of drinking water of livestock and poultry is four times that of winter, which is about two to three times the feed intake. Therefore, we must ensure that livestock and poultry drink clean and cool cold water in time, and add 0.2% sodium bicarbonate or electrolytic multidimensional in drinking water or feed, which can effectively prevent stress response. Reduce various stress factors, try to avoid human factors such as group transfer, transportation, vaccination, etc., and must be done when it is necessary to choose between morning and evening or when the weather is cool.
The third is to adjust the feed formulation and provide high-quality full-price diets to meet the physiological growth needs of livestock and poultry. Due to the high temperature, the feed intake of livestock and poultry is significantly reduced, and the feed is required to increase the nutritional level of energy protein, etc. At the same time, the palatability and easily digestible feed should be increased to offset the nutritional deficiencies caused by the decline in feed intake. The feed can be properly added baking soda, potassium chloride and vitamin C, etc. to enhance the heat resistance of livestock and poultry, reduce heat stress, as appropriate, add Jianwei Xiaoshi drugs, and promote the consumption and digestion of livestock and poultry. At the same time, appropriate amounts of multidimensional and anti-stress drugs are added. In order to improve the quality of boar semen, large-scale pig farms can supply 1 to 2 raw eggs a day to the breeding boar.
The fourth is to adjust the feeding time, should use the early morning and evening cool time feeding livestock and poultry, that is, before 8 o'clock in the morning and after 6 o'clock to feed, with little or no feeding or feeding a certain amount of green feed. Pig feed can be fed from dry feed to wet feed, ie, the feed is properly wetted to increase feed palatability and increase feed intake. It is forbidden to feed mildew, stale, and spoilage feeds. Under high temperature exposure, straw straw and other plants cannot be directly fed to cattle, sheep and other livestock and poultry, and should be fed in a cool and ventilated place and then properly cooled.
Under high temperature conditions, pathogenic microorganisms multiply and grow faster, and some feed materials such as maize with higher water content are also more susceptible to mildew, especially if the wet material is highly susceptible to deterioration. Deterioration and mildew feed should be promptly discarded to ensure the feed is fresh. In order to prevent the impact of mycotoxin on the body of livestock and poultry, nystatin or mold adsorbent can be added in the feed. Too much energy in feed during hot season will increase the burden of animal heat dissipation. In order to reduce the heat consumption in the diet, the crude fiber content in the diet can be reduced, and the fat content in the diet can be appropriately increased; the nutrients required by the animal can be reasonably adjusted. Minimize the total amount of protein and reduce muscle activity and heat production while meeting the required standards.
Strengthen anti-epidemic measures
Under high temperature conditions, the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses is rapid, and various production and domestic wastes should be removed in a timely manner. Livestock and poultry manure contain harmful gases and substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The hotter the weather, the greater the odor emitted, Livestock and poultry also have a great impact. Therefore, thoroughly clean the livestock and poultry excrement every morning and evening, replace the wet grass, and keep the bar cool and dry. Regular disinfection of the whole field, generally more than 2 times a week disinfection, and pay attention to the selection of efficient, non-irritating, small odor, corrosive small disinfectants to ensure the fresh air inside the house.
The high-temperature season is a highly pathogenic blue-ear disease, Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus suis disease and the high incidence of bird outbreaks. We should pay close attention to and prevent the occurrence of such diseases, and at the same time do a good job of swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, bird flu, etc. The prevention and control of epidemics should be carried out in accordance with the procedures. Immunity should be given to those who have exceeded the period of immunity protection or have not been immunized. However, attention should be paid to selecting early morning and relatively cool weather for immunization and reduce immune stress.
It is necessary to pay attention to the killing of fly maggots in the walls of livestock and poultry manure enclosures, farm sewage pools, and faeces storage sites. The insecticides such as trichlorfon can be used to eliminate mosquitoes and flies. Strengthen the harmless treatment of dead and dead animals and birds. It is forbidden to discard dead animals and slaughtered dead animals or birds. It is forbidden to eat dead animals and livestock. Strict implementation of the death of animals that are not allowed to be slaughtered, allowed to eat, are not allowed to be sold, and are prohibited from transshipment must be carried out. Harmless treatment of "four inaccurate treatment" requirements, and the treatment of livestock and poultry suspected of infectious diseases isolation and feeding measures to prevent the spread and epidemic of major animal diseases.
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