"At present, the market price of Pleurotus eryngii is 6 yuan to 8 yuan per catty. The anti-season cultivation adopts the three-dimensional planting mode of greenhouse. If it can be scientifically managed, the perennial yield of Pleurotus eryngii can reach 2000 kg or more, and the income per mu can exceed 10,000 yuan. Recently, He Wei, deputy station director of the Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station of the Hebi Town, Naxi District, Ganzhou City, went into the greenhouse of Pleurotus eryngii in Zhenghe Village, and gave the planting owners guidance on the technology of scientific cultivation management.
Raw material preparation and processing
Corn cobs, wheat straw, cottonseed hulls, etc. are used as the main raw materials to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii. First, crushing, such as corn cob, should be pulverized into granules with a diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm, and straws cut into small pieces of 2 cm to 3 cm long; The second is to soften the treatment by means of soaking fermentation.
Bag inoculation and cultivation of hyphae
Bags of Pleurotus eryngii are mostly made of polypropylene bags or low-pressure polyethylene bags. The former is suitable for autoclaving, and atmospheric pressure sterilization is mostly used for the latter. Accurately weigh all kinds of raw materials, stir evenly, and the water content is appropriate. It is packed by hand or bagging machine. Generally, the dry bag of polypropylene bag is about 0.5 kg, and the dry material of low-pressure polyethylene bag is 0.8 kg to 1 kg. Sterilize according to the requirements of routine sterilization, and inoculate after cooling.
Long bags are usually inoculated by perforation method. The inoculation should be carried out under aseptic conditions, and the inoculum size should be increased to increase the growth rate and improve the authenticity rate. After inoculation, the bacteria bag is cultured in a culture chamber with a relative humidity of 70% or less and a dark light at a temperature of about 25 ° C, and the whole cell can be filled with hyphae after 30 days to 40 days.
Mushroom bud cultivation
The first turkey bud of Pleurotus eryngii can form normally, which directly affects the normal production of the second tidal peak and the total yield. Therefore, the first mushroom bud cultivation is particularly important. After the hyphae are full, the accumulated nutrients are less. It is necessary to continue to culture for 10 days to 20 days before the bag is opened. When the temperature is above 20 °C, it is not advisable to open the bag. When the temperature is stable at 10 °C to 18 °C, the plastic bag mouth is rolled back to the surface of the medium, and the appropriate amount is added. Scattered light, ventilated 2 times to 3 times a day, 20 minutes to 30 minutes each time, keep the air fresh, after 8 days to 15 days to form the primordium and differentiate into young buds.
temperature control
When the mushroom buds are formed to the size of the rice grains and light gray, the bagging and mushroom management can be carried out. Firstly stimulate the primordium formation with low humidity (10 ° C to 15 ° C), then control the temperature of the cultivation chamber at 10 ° C to 18 ° C, let the fruiting body grow and develop, avoid more than 22 ° C, in order to prevent the young mushroom buds from shrinking and dying. . When the temperature is lower than 10 °C, the primordium is difficult to form; when the temperature rises to 18 °C, the original unharvested fruit body grows rapidly and the quality decreases, while the small mushroom buds stop growing and begin to shrink, and the primordial base also stops. Differentiation; when the temperature continues above 18 °C, the original fruiting body mushroom stem and the surface tissue block of the medium become soft and atrophic. Therefore, the temperature of the mushroom house should be controlled between 10 ° C and 18 ° C throughout the management.
When cultivating in greenhouses, it should be combined with water spray and ventilation to cool down before and after noon. The temperature in winter is low, the doors and windows are properly closed, the light is strengthened at noon, and the cover is thickened at night to increase the temperature in the cultivation shed.
Humidity regulation
During the occurrence and growth stage of the fruiting body, the relative humidity in the initial mushroom house should be maintained at about 90%. When the fruiting body is developed and close to harvesting, the humidity can be controlled at about 85%, which is beneficial to prolonging the shelf life of the fruiting body. At the same time, we must pay attention not to spray water onto the mushroom body, especially when the temperature rises, directly spray the water on the mushroom body, which will easily cause the fruiting body to yellow, and in severe cases, it will infect bacteria and cause rot.
Air source adjustment
Poorly ventilated fruiting bodies are difficult to develop normally. If they encounter high temperature and high humidity, the fruiting bodies will rot. Therefore, the mushroom house must maintain good ventilation conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to control the light source. When the temperature rises, be careful not to let the light directly illuminate.
Pest Control
Pests and diseases are not easy to occur at low temperatures; when the temperature rises, the pests and diseases that are susceptible to fruiting bodies are bacteria, Trichoderma (mainly Trichoderma viride) and mushroom flies. Enhanced ventilation and temperature regulation can prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. When 1 to 2 mushroom harvesting is over and the bacteria bag loses more water, it is advisable to perform water injection method and water immersion method to replenish water. It can also be covered with soil after 2 to 3 mushroom to reduce the cumbersome hydration.
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