Make sure what kind of variety you want to grow before planting peppers. Color pepper, bell pepper, horn pepper, croissant pepper, line pepper, pickled pepper, pepper and so on. Can choose according to market and planting experience.
Seed Disinfection: Uncoated seeds must be disinfected before germination, otherwise they are susceptible to germs and viruses.
Treatment method: 500% of carbendazim: 500% of carbendazim, 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl, 2,000 times of 8% of Nonglinfeng No.2, and immersed in 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharide 1500 times or 60 to 70 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes (side Stir with stirring to prevent scalding), soak for about 30 to 60 minutes, then rinse.
Cultivate strong seedlings As the saying goes: Miao Zhuang three points. Cultivating strong seedlings is the key to high yields.
The criteria for strong seedlings are: thick stems, dark green leaves, well-developed root systems, and no pests and diseases.
Seedling age is generally about 30 to 40 days, 3 to 5 leaf stage is easy to survive, slow seedlings fast; more than 7 leaves, seedling age is too large, slow seedling slow, affecting growth. Pepper usually undergoes flower bud differentiation at the three-leaf stage, so it is said that cultivating strong seedlings is the key to high yield of pepper.
Fertilizer management
Pepper is a shallow root crop with undeveloped root system. It is both afraid of drought and aphid, so pay special attention to fertilizer and water management.
Formula fertilization requires 1000 kg of fresh pepper to absorb about 5 kg of nitrogen, 1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 6 kg of potassium oxide.
Fertilization plan According to the law of fat absorption of pepper and the characteristics of required fertilizer, with the aim of saving labor, saving labor, high yield, and high efficiency, the following fertilization schemes should be planned with the goal of preventing disease, resisting stress, improving soil, and saving cost:
1. Base fertilizer: 50-200 kilograms per kilogram of enzyme agent per gram (instead of chicken manure, pig manure and all kinds of biological bacteria organic fertilizer), and 15-15-15 balanced compound fertilizer 40-50 kilograms. Cultivate ditch or cultivating hole can be, it is best to use ridge mulch cultivation method, high yield, good management.
2. After the first batch of flowers and fruit set, combine watering every 15 days or so, topdressing 20-10-20 water-soluble fertilizer 4 kg + ordinary mineral humic acid potassium 3 to 5 kg.
3. In the middle and late period, apply 20-10-30 of fertilization and 5 kg of fine mineral potassium fulvic acid (300-400 g) every 15 days.
4. Spray the “plant vaccine†foliar spray once every 10 to 15 days after easing the seedlings to prevent disease, prevent insects, regulate growth, and increase yield and quality. Use as required, basically free of pests and diseases.
The moisture management peppers are dry, falling and falling, and the roots are dead and fall, and they are also falling, so the peppers are afraid of drought. Therefore, it is better to use percolation or drip irrigation for groundwater pouring.
Cultivation and Management Capsicum root system is underdeveloped. In order to develop the root system, resist drought and resist turbidity, change the cultivation methods in the past, and change the cultivation under the ridge into ridge cultivation, the yield can be increased by more than 20%. The ridge cultivation and drip irrigation are better.
Pest Control
The most important diseases and pests of pepper are anthracnose, disease, virus disease, soft rot, root rot, bacterial wilt, stem rot, wilt, root knot nematode, and some whitefly, ashcatcher, beet night Moth, cabbage caterpillar and so on.
Anthracnose disease conditions: high temperature and humidity, field cover, sunburn easily cause anthrax. Anthracnose can cause rotten fruit and dry leaves, concentric ring patterns on the leaves, and blackening, which can cause a decrease in the yield and quality of pepper.
Control methods: (1) Increase organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer to increase crop resistance. (2) Chemical control, anthraquinone, magnesium, Shigao, mancozeb, flusilazole, prochloraz, and Nonglinfeng No. 2.
Precautions: Take precautions to minimize the spread of pathogens and reduce the incidence of disease. Must control the temperature and humidity, humidity is too high, the temperature is too high, it is easy to produce diseases, not just anthrax. If the temperature and humidity are well controlled, you won't get sick. This is true for tomatoes, cucumbers, and other crops. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to the propagation and spread of germs.
Most of the epidemics are caused by the residue of pepper soil or residues. Soil residues are the most common. Under normal circumstances, 80% of pathogens and viruses are found in soils, especially in confined greenhouses or greenhouses, so soil treatment is critical.
Incidence conditions: The pathogens overwinter on the soil or residues. More than 85% humidity, temperature 10 ~ 32 °C, the optimum temperature of 20 ~ 30 °C.
Control methods: (1) Soil treatment. (2) Prevention and treatment with Ruidudu Copper, Nonglinfeng No. (3) Multi-application of bio-organic fertilizer, chitin fertilizer, etc. to increase resistance.
Viral disease Chimney virus disease is a kind of disease that is relatively stubborn, and it has strong reproducibility, fast propagation speed, and is difficult to control. At present, there are no specific therapeutic agents, mainly prevention.
Incidence conditions: high temperature and drought, plant length, nitrogen is high.
Transmission routes: Laodelphax cornuta, whitefly, aphids, etc.; soil dissemination; human transmission.
Control methods: seed disinfection, pest control, spraying pesticides, and improving resistance.
Note: If a diseased plant occurs, it must be pulled out in time. Try not to touch diseased plants by hand to avoid virus transmission.
Soft rot Soft rot is the main disease of pepper and it is a bacterial disease. It mainly harms the fruit of pepper.
Occurrence characteristics: high temperature and humidity, 25 ~ 30 °C, humidity more than 85% occurred seriously, the bacteria entered from the wound.
Transmission routes: rainwater spreading, water spreading, water splashing, and pest transmission.
Control methods: (1) Apply bio-organic fertilizer to soil to increase resistance. (2) Timely prevention of insecticides such as tobacco insects and cotton bollworms. (3)Spray treatment with agricultural streptomycin, copper amber, copper rosinate, cadmium copper, and Nonglinfeng No. 2 etc., usually 5 to 7 days, once sprayed 2 to 3 times, and pay attention to the use of pesticides, Avoid drug resistance.
Soil-borne diseases such as root rot, bacterial wilt, blight, stem rot, and root-knot nematode diseases all belong to soil-borne diseases. Once infected, both the roots and the pesticides are not effective.
The characteristics of the disease: heavy damage, difficult to control, difficult to cure, large investment, serious reduction in production.
Solution: Only use the formula fertilization method (1) bacteria treatment. (2) Add mineral organic fertilizer. (3) Avoid application of unprocessed chicken manure. (4) The comprehensive soil remediation agent works better.
Umbilical rot is a non-infectious disease caused by calcium deficiency. In the summer, high temperatures are likely to cause calcium deficiency and form umbilical rot. At this time, some ordinary people do not know how to go about it. Daily calcium supplementation will not cure U. The first is because the way of calcium supplementation is different, and the second is the difference in calcium supplementation.
Many varieties of calcium, ordinary calcium, the crop is not easy to absorb, it's very slow mobility, and some do not even move, so when the foliage spray, spray more calcium alcohol, can increase its transport in the cortex Quantity, then amino acid calcium, calcium fulcatter, calcium humate can be, ordinary calcium must be added to these transport tools in order to receive better results.
Soil problem solving method
Soil compaction Soil compaction is a phenomenon in which the lack of microorganisms and organic matter in the soil deteriorates the structure of the soil pellets, and the formation of soil clay aggregates under the action of watering or rainwater is called compaction. Soil compaction is caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and the loss of organic fertilizers and the reduction of beneficial microorganisms, resulting in an unbalanced carbon and nitrogen ratio, phosphate fixation, and destruction of the aggregate structure, ie the formation of soil compaction.
Solution: Increase the amount of organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, achieve the balance of organic nutrients and chemical nutrients, promote the formation of aggregate structure, and repair the compacted soil.
Soil acidification Soil acidification is simply the gradual accumulation of H ions during soil fertilization. The main reason is that the application of sulphate and phosphate results in imbalance of the soil base, resulting in the accumulation of hydrogen ions in the soil and soil formation. acidification.
Solution: Alkaline mineral regulation: such as quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other alkaline fertilizers; zeolite regulation and improvement; biological bacteria organic fertilizer regulation and improvement.
The secondary salinization of soil secondary salinization soil is acquired salinization, which is caused by unbalanced fertilization and unreasonable irrigation and tillage. Especially greenhouses and greenhouses are relatively common and serious. For example, greenhouses, hoarfrost formed on the surface of soil in greenhouses, moss, green moss, and haematococcus are all secondary salinization.
Solution: Application of acidic fertilizers: such as superphosphate, phosphogypsum, etc.; application of humic acid powder; application of sulfur powder; application of organic fertilizers, biological bacteria fertilizer, enzyme bacteria fertilizer.
The self-toxicity of crops due to self-toxicity is some toxic substances produced by the roots during the process of growth and metabolism of the crops, which will inhibit and affect the absorption of nutrients and water, weaken the resistance of the plants, and reduce crop production and quality.
Solution: Use island enzyme (enzyme) to decompose soil remnants to stimulate crop growth.
Heavy planting is also called continuous cropping, which refers to the continuous planting of the same crop on a field. Many crops, such as leguminous plants, melons, vegetables, strawberries, and some Chinese herbal medicines, cause plant root blight as a result of replantation, which causes plant blight, leaf blight, and virus diseases, which seriously affect crop growth.
Heavy pest hazards: accumulation of pathogens; accumulation of toxins; lack of trace elements; root knot nematode accumulation.
Solution: Treat bacteria with bacteria, cure pests with bacteria, increase mineral organic fertilizers, and supplement trace elements.
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