The potato belongs to the Solanaceae crop and has a long history of cultivation in our region. After years of experience in the cultivation of agricultural technicians, we must master the following key technical measures to achieve success:
A selection of excellent fields and improved varieties
1. For potato cultivation, it is appropriate to choose dryland irrigation and eucalyptus to discharge, and to plant the above-mentioned fields with medium fertility.
2. According to the local climatic conditions and the market demand, select high-yield, high-quality, and disease-resistant varieties that are suitable for mid-to-middle growth, marketable, and high-quality virus-free seed potatoes that have passed the dormancy period, and avoid using poisoned and diseased seed potatoes. And commodity potatoes for planting. In recent years, the varieties with better performance in our region mainly include: No.2, No.88, No.9, No.9 and No.6.
Second selection of plastic film
A biodegradable film with a thickness of 0.001 mm and a width of 900 mm is generally used. The amount of mu is 7 kg. Or a thickness of 0.006 mm, width 800 mm Camellia brand plastic film, acre dosage 5 kg.
Three kinds of potato processing
Potatoes are propagated from tubers and have a slow rate of emergence. They need to be neatly emerged and seedlings strong. It is essential that the sprouts or sprouts of the seed buds are basically uniform. Sprouting with buds is a key technology for promoting early emergence of potatoes and strong seedlings. Potatoes generally have a dormancy period of 2-3 months. Potatoes should be treated according to different conditions, and germination should be performed on seed potatoes that do not break the dormancy.
1, cut the potato method. 20-30 grams of small species of whole potato planting effect is better, large planted potatoes should be cut into pieces. Each cut no less than 25 grams, at least more than one robust bud, and try to connect the top part. The shape of the cuts should be three or tetrahedrons to avoid cutting into thin slices. Cut potato method: About 50 grams of small potatoes, cut a knife, split into two, about 100 grams of the middle of the potato, slitting two knives, divided into 3-4 pieces, more than 125 grams of large potatoes. First cut 2-3 pieces from the umbilicus along the eyes of the bud, and then cut the top part into 2-4 pieces. When cutting the potatoes, prepare 2-3 cutting knives, place them in 75% alcohol or 5% potassium permanganate or 5% soap solution, rotate one at a time, rinse with water before use. In particular, diseased, rotten potatoes should be discarded, and immediately replace the knife and cutting board to prevent germs from transmitting infection.
2, potato block processing. Seed disinfection should be based on the whole potato disinfection, supplemented by diced disinfection. The whole potato can be sterilized with carbendazim 500-700 times solution or agricultural streptomycin 150-200 units for 15-20 minutes. Seed germs were placed in a ventilated spot and dried for half a day before germination or cutting. Dividing and disinfecting can be done with lime or homemade disinfectant powder.
3, potato sprouts. The sand bed should be germinated in a dry and ventilated place. First, the disinfected seed potatoes (diced) are densely tiled on the sterilized ground, covered with clean pollution-free wet river sand, covered with a thickness of 3 cm, and then the second layer of small tubers is densely laid on the river sand. , And then covered in the river sand, such a layer of wet potato block layer of 2-3 layers of river sand, and finally covered with sacks or straw. After 6-8 days, when most of the potato shoots sprout (buds grow a peanut size), the appropriate airing practices buds (with sprouting purple as the degree). During the germination process, attention should be paid to checking the wetness of river sand regularly. If it is too dry, it must be sprayed in time. However, water should not be poured too much. Avoid water accumulation at the bottom. After cultivating the buds, the seeds are graded according to the length and thickness of the potato shoots. Seeds with larger amount of seed can be covered with straw and black film in the field to prevent germination. But pay attention to open the drainage ditch, often check the temperature and humidity (maintained at 20-25 °C).
Four site preparation and planting density
Before sowing, the plot should be deeply sun-dried. When sowing, the soil should be finely smashed and flattened, then the seeding trench should be opened along the slope, and the ditch depth should be about 15 cm. Planting methods: Wide and narrow rows of planting: large row spacing 50-60 cm, small row spacing 30 cm, plant spacing 20-25 cm, placed in "goods" shape. The seed potatoes are placed on the soil surface, with the buds facing upwards or laterally close to the soil surface and covered with fine soil with drainage irrigation channels, with 6000-8000 strains per mu.
Five timely sowing
Sowing time should be based on the local climate conditions for timely sowing. If the sowing date is too early, because the temperature is low, the potato seedlings are susceptible to freezing, but too late will affect the cultivation of the next season crops. According to the climate characteristics of our region, generally sowing in mid-December to early January is better.
Six fertilizer dosage and sowing method
According to the fertility and yield requirements of the field, one-time application of fertilizer before cover soil is required. Per acre Shi cooked farmyard fertilizer 1000-1500 kilograms, compound fertilizer (10:10:5) 70-100 kilograms, urea 15-20 kilograms, potassium sulfate 20-30 kilograms as base fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 40 kilograms. Decomposing farmyard fertilizers can be properly mixed with soil and directly placed on seed potatoes when sowing, and other fertilizers are mixed with zincphos-phorphite or anthrax-powder mixed soil and then sprinkled into the sowing ditch to prevent underground pests. The mixture is placed on two seed potatoes. In the middle, it can also be placed near the seed potato, but it needs to maintain a distance of more than 5 cm from the seed potato, and can not be in direct contact with the seed potato to prevent bad seed. Then cover the cover film, cover the soil when it is thick, generally 8-10 cm is appropriate, the film is pressed flat around.
Seven field management
1, timely rupture of the membrane: general sowing 20-30 days after inspection, found that the emergence of timely rupture of membranes. When the membrane was broken, the mulch film above the seedlings was cut through a small hole of 1 to 2 cm, and the seedlings were led out of the membrane. Then, the wet soil was sealed along the base of the seedling stems and the membrane holes were pressed tightly.
2. Clean up the drainage ditch, reduce the humidity in the field, and keep the ridge moist until it emerges.
3, timely irrigation, weeding, top dressing. 20-25 days after sowing, the potato can be emerged. The first time of emergence can be watered for the first time, the second time of watering can be done in the bud stage, the third time is watering in the blooming stage, and the fourth time is 20-30 days before the harvest, and the water is filled for the fourth time during the management. Weeds must be removed.
4, snoring, picking buds. If the potatoes are planted in too many branches and the ventilation is not good, they can keep 3-4 strong branches in each bundle, and the rest can be destroyed. In order to provide concentrated supply of nutrients, buds can be removed. If there are too many nitrogenous fertilizers and the plants are too long, potassium dihydrogen sulfate can be sprayed.
Eight pest control
The main agronomic measures: First, choose virus-free disease-free potato species; second, do a good job of disinfection of seed potatoes; third, crop rotation, to avoid continuous cropping with solanaceous crops or root crops; fourth, when the diseased plants are found in the field, it is necessary to bring soil in time. Excavate and move to deep buried or incinerated outside the planting area.
Chemical control methods: Late blight, ring rot, and black stem disease are treated 1000 times with mancozeb or 1,000 times with thiazolycin Mn-zinc, sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. . In the early stage of onset of bacterial wilt, 72% of Streptomycin Sulfate 4000 times solution or 77% can be used to kill 500 times of the solution of wettable particulate powder, and once every 10 days, irrigation is repeated 2-3 times. The control of aphids can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times solution. Subterranean pest control can use trichlorfon and phoxim to form poisonous soil all over the field. Yellow ants can be added into the fertilizer by adding an enemy powder or carbofuran.
Nine anti-frost rodents
Adjust the sowing date and try to avoid frost hazards. When frost weather occurs in the growing season, pay attention to watering and keep the soil moist. Winter potato is often more serious than rodents. It requires a unified rodent control. It must select rodents that meet the requirements of pollution-free production and pay attention to human and animal safety.
Ten timely harvests
When the stems and leaves turn from green to yellow, the stems and tubers are easy to fall off. When the toughness of the skin of the tuber is large, the thickness of the cortex is normal, and the color is normal, it can be harvested. Prevent rain and sun exposure, so as to prevent the rot of the potato pieces and the green of the potatoes, ensure the product quality and sell well.
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