Scientists have found that the absence of ADAR1 in tumors can overcome the resistance of immune checkpoint blockade
December 28, 2018 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];On December 17, researchers such as the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States published an article entitled "Loss of ADAR1 in tumours overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade" on Nature, and found ADAR1 in tumors. The lack of can overcome the resistance of immune checkpoint blockade, may provide a new way to overcome the resistance of immunotherapy.
Most tumor patients who do not respond or develop resistance to immune checkpoints are usually because acquired mutations impair antigen presentation. In this study, the researchers found that the loss of ADAR1 function in tumor cells can greatly enhance the sensitivity of tumors to immunotherapy, while overcoming resistance to checkpoint blockade. ADAR1 is a member of the Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR) family of proteins that catalyze the conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in RNA. In the absence of ADAR1, A-to-I editing is reduced by interferon-induced RNA, resulting in double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) double-stranded RNA Ligand sensitivity, which leads to growth inhibition and tumor inflammation, respectively. Deletion of ADAR1 overcomes PD-1 checkpoint block tolerance caused by inhibition of antigen presentation by tumor cells. Therefore, effective anti-tumor immunity is limited by inhibitory checkpoints such as ADAR1. In tumors, the induction of inflammation sufficient to interfere with interferon can bypass the therapeutic requirements of CD8+ T cells to recognize tumor cells, and may provide new countermeasures for immunotherapy resistance.
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A roundness meter is a measuring tool that uses the rotation axis method to measure the roundness error of a workpiece. The roundness tester is divided into two types: sensor rotary and workbench rotary. During measurement, the measured part is installed concentric with the precision shaft system, and the precision shaft is equipped with an inductive length sensor or workbench for precise circular motion. The roundness meter consists of an instrument's sensor, amplifier, filter, and output device. If the instrument is equipped with a computer, the computer is also included in this system.
A roundness meter is a precision instrument used to measure the out of roundness of a rotating surface (shaft, hole, or spherical surface) of a component. There are usually two types: small desktop, where the workpiece is mounted on a rotating workbench and the measuring head is mounted on a fixed column; Large floor mounted, with the workpiece installed on a fixed workbench and the measuring head installed on the rotating spindle. During measurement, the measuring head contacts the surface of the workpiece, and the rotating part of the instrument (workbench or spindle) rotates for one cycle. Due to the extremely high accuracy of the supporting bearings in the rotating part, the measuring head will generate a high-precision circular trajectory on the measured surface during rotation. The out of roundness of the measured surface causes the measuring head to shift and transform into an electrical (or pneumatic) signal. After amplification, it can be automatically recorded on a circular recording paper, and the out of roundness of each part can be directly read out for accuracy evaluation and process analysis. Widely used in precision bearings, machine tools, and instrument manufacturing industries.
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