1 Introduction
Plug seedlings are a new seedling technology developed internationally in the 1970s. They are mainly used for vegetable and flower seedlings, and can also be used for crops such as tobacco leaves and forest trees. Features: 1 Each seed is finely sown one seed, the root system is completely divided; 2 The light matrix mixture is used to fill the cavity, and the mechanization operation of handling and transplanting is realized; 3, the seedling is raised in the artificial control environment, and the optimal seed and temperature are selected. Under the light conditions, the seedlings grow neatly and steadily, avoiding the influence of natural climate and can effectively prevent pests and diseases. Due to its outstanding characteristics, it has developed rapidly since the 1970s. In North America and Western Europe, there has been a market for seedlings and seedlings, and Japan is also developing vigorously. Introduced in China in 1985, it was well received by the majority of producers because of its advantages of rapid seedling formation, no damage to roots, high yield, and long-distance transportation. At present, the domestic seedling seedling precision seeding has gradually replaced the traditional manual seeding, and the number of seedling enterprises with complete sets of equipment has reached hundreds.
Process and equipment for plug seedlings: 1 light matrix crushing and screening equipment; 2 light matrix mixing and mixing equipment; 3 light matrix lifting equipment; 4 precision seeding production line equipment (including: light matrix filling, brushing, pressing , precision seeding, re-feeding, brushing); 5 hole plate water spray equipment; 6 hole tray transport equipment; 7 seed pellet equipment. After the above steps are completed, the seeds of the seeded seeds are sent to the germination chamber (the germination can also be carried out according to the agronomic requirements, depending on the specific conditions), and then transferred to the greenhouse for seedling raising. In addition to the precision seeding line, other auxiliary equipment can be selected according to actual needs.
2. Principle and characteristics of seedling seedling planter
At present, the seedling seedling planter can be basically divided into three types: needle seeder, drum type seeder and disc type (flat type) seeder. Among them, the needle seeder and the drum type seeding machine are widely used in China. The following is a description of the principle and characteristics of the planter using the Hamilton planter as an example.
2.1 needle seeder
2.1.1 Working principle
During work, a row of nozzles is used to adsorb seeds from the vibrating plate. When the seedling tray reaches below the seeding machine, the nozzle releases the seed, and the seed falls on the seedling tray through the drop tube and the receiving cup for seeding, and then the nozzle automatically repeats. The above actions are carried out continuously.
2.1.2 Performance characteristics
The most widely used planter can be planted from very small seeds such as begonias to large seeds such as melons. The sowing accuracy is as high as 99.9% (for clean, regular seeds), and the seeding speed can reach 2400 lines/h ( 1 28 hole trays can be broadcast up to 50 trays per hour), stepless speed regulation, can be planted in various trays, flat plates or cultivation pots, and can be used in single, double or multiple forms per hole. Sowing.
2.1.3 Basic models
The basic models of commonly used needle seeders are pneumatic traction needle seeders and PLC control needle seeders. The sowing range and sowing accuracy of the two seeders are the same, but the PLC-controlled needle seeder has better seeding speed and scalability.
2.1.4 various nozzles
2.2 drum planter
2.2.1 Working principle
When working, the drum with multiple rows of suction holes is used to first form a vacuum adsorption seed in the drum. When rotating to the top of the seedling tray, a low-pressure airflow is formed in the drum to release the seed for seeding, and then a high-pressure airflow is formed in the drum to flush the suction hole, and then the drum is inside. The vacuum is incubated to seed and enter the next cycle of sowing.
2.2.2 Performance characteristics
High-efficiency precision seeder for large and medium-sized nursery farms, suitable for most flowers, vegetables and other seeds, with a sowing accuracy of 99% (for clean, regular seeds), seeding speed of up to 1 8000 lines / h (1 28 The hole tray can be broadcasted up to 1)00 trays per hour), stepless speed regulation, can be sown in various trays, flat plates or cultivation hoes, and can be carried out in single, double or multiple forms per hole. sowing.
Applicable seed range (grain/g) diameter of the suction hole on the drum
300～30000 0.3mm
100～300 0.5mm
2.3 disc (flat) seeder
2.3.1 Working principle
Seeding with a disk with a suction hole, firstly forming a vacuum adsorption seed in the disk, and then rotating the disk as a whole to the top of the tray, and forming a positive pressure airflow in the disk to release the seed for seeding, and then returning to the suction position to re-form The seeds are vacuum adsorbed and seeded into the next cycle. The sowing method is batch-type whole seeding, and the seeding speed is very fast.
2.3.2 Performance characteristics
The sowing speed is very high: generally 1,000 to 2,000 plates/h. It has a wide adaptability and is suitable for most of the trays and seeds; the seeding accuracy of special seeds and oversized and undersized seeds is not high; the trays or seeds of different specifications need to be equipped with additional seeding trays and punching trays, and the cost is high. A small amount of seeding cannot be done.
3 seeder purchase
3.1 needle planter
When the pneumatic traction needle seeder is working, the seedling tray filled with soil is pushed into the seeding machine, the seeding machine starts to plant immediately, and the seedling tray of the seeded seed is pushed out by the pneumatic traction mechanism, and the seeding is completed. Take off the seedling tray and push in a new seedling tray for the next cycle of sowing. The pneumatic traction needle seeder cannot be used with automatic punching, automatic irrigation, automatic soil covering and other equipment.
When the PLC controls the needle seeder, under the control of the PLC controller, the seedling tray is continuously placed from one end, and the conveyor belt is automatically transported to the seeding machine for seeding, and then the planter is separated from the other end. PLC controlled needle seeders are usually used with automatic punching, automatic irrigation, automatic soil covering and other equipment.
The self-cleaning nozzle has a cleaning needle that can automatically remove the impurities attached to the nozzle to ensure that the nozzle is unblocked and avoids leakage. Generally, the self-cleaning nozzle is selected for vegetable and flower seeding.
The needle-type nozzle has a high single-grain property, and the adaptability range is wide. When the seed is clean, the needle-type nozzle is used instead of the self-cleaning nozzle to improve the single-grain of the seeding, and the small-particle flower seed needs the optional needle. Nozzle.
Usually equipped with a self-cleaning nozzle of 0.3mm and a set of needle nozzles with 0.1 mm, 0.25mm and 0.5mm needles, it can meet most sowing needs. If necessary, choose other nozzles, each size. The scope of use of the nozzle is shown in the above table.
By adjusting the number of nozzles on the needle planter to meet the seeding requirements of different sizes of trays, the burrowing device and irrigation equipment need to be customized according to the seedling tray specifications. A seedling tray requires a punching device and an irrigation device. .
When the needle seeder is working, it needs to be equipped with a small air compressor (H=5.5bar, Q=1 00L/h) as the working power.
4 use and equipment maintenance points
4.1 use and operation
The general seedling production enterprises all have a tray cleaning storage room, a substrate disinfection storage room, a seeding workshop, a germination room, a seedling greenhouse, etc. The seeding equipment is placed in the seeding plant, and since the bottom is equipped with a pulley, it can be stacked according to the substrate. The location to move.
At the time of sowing, the operator puts the sterilized substrate into the filling tank of the filling machine, places the tray at the entrance of the filling belt of the filling machine, loads the seeds to be sown into the vibrating tray of the seeding machine and connects the water supply source, and checks After the connection of the whole set of equipment is confirmed, the control switch can be activated to perform the seeding operation. The seeding trays after planting are moved by the operator to the seedling cart and moved to the germination chamber for germination.
When using, the planter should be adjusted according to the specifications of the seeds and trays sowed to meet different needs.
★ Set the number of seeding rows to suit the trays used.
★ Set the position of the nozzle to suit the size of the seed sowed. For drum type seeders, check the specifications of the drum and the tray.
★ Set the vibrating tray vibrator, control the vibration amplitude of the tray by adjusting the vibrator to ensure the average transport of the suction nozzle.
The size of the needle planter (approx.): length × width × height = 2000 × 1 000 × 1 500mm; power supply requirements: 220V / 50Hz, 1 kW.
When the PLC is used to control the needle seeder, an automatic seeding production line consisting of an earth filling machine, an irrigation device and a soil covering device can be selected.
3.2 drum planter
The position of the suction hole on the drum is customized according to the user's seedling tray specifications, and the diameter of the suction hole can be generally selected to be 0.3 mm (depending on the seed size). A roller can be made into two or two apertures for seeding of two types of seeds or two seedling trays. At the same time, it is possible to customize the suction holes of other diameters, and the suction holes of 2 or more seeds per hole.
★>The medium hole device and irrigation equipment also need to be customized according to the seedling tray specifications. A seedling tray requires a punching device and an irrigation device.
★ When the machine is working, it needs to be equipped with a small air compressor H=5.5bar (≈5.5kg/cm2) and Q=1 OOL/min as working power.
★ Drum type planter footprint (approx.): length × width × height = 2000 × 1 000 × 1 500mm; power supply requirements: 220V / 50Hz, 1 kW.
★The speed of the drum type planter is fast. It is recommended to select an automatic seeding production line consisting of a mixer, a soil filling machine, irrigation and earth covering equipment.
★ Set the hammer impact, which can improve the precision of seeding single seeds of some seeds.
★ Set the vacuum to increase the suction of the nozzle.
4.2 Equipment Maintenance
For every 50h of operation, the bearings of the main shaft (via the suction holes on the copper eccentric) and the joints on the top of the piston are lubricated. Manually press the nozzle tube down, lift the piston from the cylinder and apply a little oil to the piston rod. Wipe off excess oil after adding oil.
Clean the venturi once every 50 hours of operation. Remove it from the venturi socket and clean the dust and seed shells attached to it with a supplied nozzle cleaning line.
In a particularly humid place (relative humidity RH greater than 80%), a dryer is required in the main line of the planter. In addition, it is recommended to empty the compressed air tank every day.
When the seeder is not in use, cover the seeder with a piece of plastic cloth or the like to prevent dust and dirt.
At the end of the sowing season, or when you are not using the planter for a long time, store it in a dry place away from dust and dirt. Clean the seed tray and protect the gas supply line.
Liu Yi Beijing Biskai Agricultural Technology Company 100026