According to the expert consultation of experts from the National Agricultural Technology Center, in 2011, the occurrence of corn diseases and insect pests in China was heavier than usual, and an area of ​​1.05 billion mu was estimated to occur. In order to do a good job in prevention and control of major pests and diseases of corn, this plan has been formulated. First, prevention and control targets The pest prevention and treatment rate for corn has reached over 90%, the overall pest control effect has reached over 80%, the hazard loss rate has been controlled below 5%, and the area under the rule of specialized unified defense has increased by more than 10% from the previous year. Expand the demonstration and promotion area of ​​green prevention and control and reduce the use of chemical pesticides. Second, the prevention and control strategies are based on different ecological regions, targeted at key pests and diseases, to ensure the safety of corn production as a core, use special prevention and control as a means, and take green prevention and control technologies as support, taking biological control as the leading factor, and chemical and physical control as Supplementary comprehensive prevention and control technology system. Third, prevention and control technology measures (A) focus on prevention and control of key areas in different areas of prevention and control: Northern Spring sowing corn area key prevention and control of corn borer and large and small spot disease, system crops attention to the prevention and control of dwarf mosaic virus disease; Huanghuaihai summer broadcast The corn area focuses on preventing and controlling corn borer, leaf spot, and corn leafhoppers. Shandong, Hebei, and Henan also take into account corn roughage virus disease; the southwestern hilly corn area focuses on preventing and controlling corn borer and large and small leaf spot diseases; Prevent and control corn borer and corn leafhopper. Prevention and control points for different growth periods: Plant seed dressing at seeding stage to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; from the seedling stage to the big bell-mouth stage in the north spring corn area, and in the Huanghe-Huaihe summer corn area, the key prevention and control virus disease, corn leafhopper and corn borer And large and small spot disease, southwestern and northwestern regions to prevent and control corn borer; before and after the grain filling period, the northwestern region focuses on the prevention and control of corn leafhoppers, and other areas focus on prevention and control of corn borer. (II) Main prevention and control techniques Corn borer: Summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai River basin is returned to the field, and the spring maize area in the north is sealed with Beauveria bassiana 15 days before the pupation, and the base number of overwintering larvae of corn borer is reduced. In the early winter of adult emergence, sex attractants are used to trap and kill, and during the peak of eclosion, they are hunted and killed. Trichogramma was released at the beginning of oviposition of corn borer. The Bt preparation was sprayed when the hatching rate of corn quail eggs reached 30%. At the end of the leaf stage, Bt or phoxim granules are applied to the heart, or the cyhalothrin spray is used, and the northwest and north of North China can be treated with insecticidal water. After pollination, the corn can be cut off at the top of the ear and the temporal lobe, and dichlorvos can be used to drip filigree. It can promote the use of high-tower sprayer spraying Bt preparation to prevent corn borer technology. Corn, small spot disease: selection of disease-resistant varieties. Immediately after corn is harvested, the diseased plant residue is turned into the soil. When the straw is used for composting, it is subjected to high temperature fermentation and decomposed until it is used again. The untreated straw is sealed with mud. Early timely sowing, heavy wards implement autumn turning and crop rotation, northeast and southwest regions promote corn and dwarf crops, such as peanuts, beans intercropping. Basal fertilizers were added, fertilizers were applied in batches at the appropriate time to increase plant resistance to disease. Rational close planting, enhance field permeability, reduce the incidence or delay the occurrence period. In the early stage of the disease from leaf to silking stage, carbendazim, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, carbazole, tebuconazole and other agents can be sprayed on the leaves, depending on the incidence 7-10 Sprayed once a day, a total of 2-3 sprays. Maize leafhoppers: where conditions permit the introduction of paddy-upland rotations, timely weeding, and eradication of early leafhopper habitats. When the leaf aphid occurs, it should be immediately controlled, and it can be sprayed with avermectin, acetylene, or konjac, or sprayed with each other in a reasonable way. At the same time, adding 1% urea water can restore the leaves. Improve the effectiveness of control. It can promote high-rod sprayer or smoke machine to effectively treat blemishes. Maize virus disease: including corn dwarf mosaic virus disease and corn roughage virus disease two. Can be used 70% imidacloprid dressing or 70% imidacloprid and 40% methylisohexadione mixture dressing. In the areas of spring maize dwarf mosaic virus disease in northeast and north China, early prevention and control of the transmission of aphid virus vectors, and prevention and control of crop fields, can be used. In the initial stage, imidacloprid and acetamiprid can be sprayed, and the frequency of spraying can be determined depending on the occurrence. Usually spray 7-10 days. Chemical weeding was performed before maize emergence after sowing to eliminate the vectors of poisonous vectors of Scutellaria sp. Corn seedling stage can be controlled by acetamiprid, imidacloprid, high-cypermethrin and other low-toxic low-residue pesticide sprays, and at the same time, antiviral agents can be added to increase the ability of the plants to resist the virus. For the early diseased plants, they should be pulled out in time and brought out of the field for deep burying to eliminate early toxic strains. Fourth, specializing in prevention and control of the main push technology (a) the release of Trichogramma technology in the early spawning period to the egg maturation period, a unified organization of the farmers to release Trichogramma, set 1 to 3 release points per acre, will be bee equipment Do not hang on the veins on the back of the middle leaf. (b) The technology of returning straw to the field of peasants adopts straw smashing and returning technology to reduce the source of insects. (III) Sealing techniques of Beauveria bassiana In 15 days prior to corn mashing, farmers were organized to seal the grasshoppers uniformly, and 100 grams of Beauveria bassiana powder was used per cubic meter of straw. (IV) Pharmaceutical Irrigation Technology In corn trumpet period, farmers are organized to use Bt, Beauveria bassiana, phoxim and other heart-warming technologies. (v) Physical decoy killing technology During the emergence period of corn borer adult, the farmers were united to use light to trap and kill each generation of adults, and adult overwintering adults could be trapped and killed by combined sex attractants.
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