Application of Transgenic Technology in Flower Industry

At present, the development of transgenic technology is very fast. There are widely used corn, soybeans, cotton, etc. The soybeans exported by Americans are genetically modified and genetically modified so that China’s agriculture greatly reduces the use of pesticides. Currently, the output value is not 5 billion, but the future Very optimistic, American scientists have now proven that GM foods are harmless to the human body. Now Europeans are gradually starting to accept genetically modified foods. In recent years, Chinese scientists have done a lot of work in the field of basic research. In 2002, Chinese researchers completed the japonica rice genome map, covering 92% of the entire rice genome. Swiss and American scientists completed the japonica rice genome map. China has built the world's largest rice genome database. This is independently built by our country's scientists. It is freely available through the Internet to the world. The authoritative magazine "Science" published in the United States on April 5, 2002 published a paper entitled "Sequence Diagram of Working Frames for the Rice (Japonica) Genome" in the form of cover pages and up to 14 pages in length. This major research project independently completed by scientists. Second, the application of transgenic technology in new varieties of flowers, new systems (a), genetic transformation methods of ornamental plants This is theoretically no problem, because all organisms have a common gene that controls the same function, for example, can The genes that control the red color are implanted with white orchids to cultivate orchids that are colored. In 2002, the Ministry of Science and Technology had already established a project and GM flowers as a 863 scientific research project. The application of genetically modified genes in flowers (b), change of flowering season and traditional techniques of flowering can only achieve the purpose of controlling temperature and light. Now people can control the opening time of flowers through genetic engineering. Flowers are sensitive to light, temperature, hormones, nutrients, etc. They control the metabolism of flowers and thus control the growth of flowers. By controlling the light, the purpose of controlling the flower season can be achieved. How to change the flowering season1. Most of the genes controlling the flowering of plants have been discovered. These genes have homology in all flowering plants. 2. The flowering season of any flower species can be changed according to market demand. 3. By regulating the expression level of flowering genes. Achieving the change of the flowering season The flowering genes All plants have four main signaling pathways to regulate the flowering season, and some channels either activate or inhibit flowering. These channels have two characteristics: most of the plant pathway regulatory genes are homologous; the expression of signal channel genes is closely related to the plant's flowering season. How to change the flowering period 1. The length of flowering of most plants is regulated by the plant hormone ethylene, and most Plants are homologous2, change flowering time by regulating ethylene synthesis or activity of ethylene signaling pathway (3), change the shape of flowers, plants, flower spikes and flowers. Control genes are highly conserved among plant species. 2, according to the needs of the market can choose any kind of flower to change its shape 3, over-expression or inhibition of expression of a currently known homologous gene can produce a new variety of flower morphology change the method of changing the flower plant type 1, plant morphology The control gene is highly conserved among different plant species. 2. According to market demand, any kind of flower can be selected to change its plant shape. 3. Overexpression or suppression of expression. A currently known homologous gene can produce a new flower plant. Morphology (IV) Change of color 1. The key steps for catalytic anthocyanin biosynthesis have been clarified The gene 2, according to market demand can change the color of any kind of flower. For example: red lilies, blue strings of red, white cineraria, etc. 3, overexpressing or inhibiting the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the pigment biosynthetic pathway, 4, transferring new genes that change the color of flowers (e)omics and gene chips Application in flowers 1. Selection of a variety of major flower lines to separate and make gene banks from flower organs at different developmental stages 2. Separation of all homologous genes from useful flower lines based on known flowering genetic information3. Use of gene chip technology Analyze all flowering gene expression status of various flower lines. This type of data will help us select useful flowering genes for the purpose of improving gene chip analysis of flower varieties. 1. Understand the status of all flowering-related gene expressions, ie, when they are expressed and the level of expression. 2. Analyze flowering gene expression data. Help us to choose related genes that play a decisive role in the flowering process3, and to improve the gene expression of flower varieties by adjusting the expression levels of these related genes. 1. This study will contribute to the discovery of a large number of flowering genes with applied value. Flower improvement lays the foundation 2. This research belongs to the academic frontier in this field and has the value of publishing in the world's top relevant literature. 3. The results produced by this research institute are original and can be protected through the application of domestic and international patents (VI). Establish China's important flower germplasm gene bank 1, R&D target 1), fully and effectively utilize China's flower genetic resources 2), apply the most advanced technologies and concepts to the research and development process 3), and fully consider available technical equipment and Human resources, formulate a practical R&D plan 4), R&D plan will produce economy efficiently and quickly New varieties of flowers criterion value is 2, embodiment 1), collection, classification and incubated important varieties of flowers China 2), by conventional cross-breeding techniques, new valuable strains bred from various hybrid combinations. This process will also provide useful genetic information resources. 3) Use genomics to discover valuable genes in the local flower resource gene bank to provide genetic resources for future flower improvement. 3. Peking University works in flower genetic engineering research. Work 1, Flower Color 2, Flower Flowering Period 3, Orchid Genes We have successfully established an efficient, stable, and simple orchid transformation system. The flower color related gene CH1 and the flowering related gene AP1 were transferred to Dendrobium. The transgenic orchid plant orchid was successfully obtained. An efficient, stable, and convenient transformation system was established. After 6 years of research, orchid genetic problems have been solved. IV. Prospects of genetically engineered flowers and current status of China's flower industry (1) Traditional breeding and genetic engineering (II) Status of China's flower industry (III) Prospects of transgenic flower market (1) Traditional breeding and genetic engineering Genetic engineering Compared with conventional crossbreeding, breeding has the advantages of saving time, labor and goals. The transgenic flowers can obviously overcome the blindness of current breeding and greatly shorten the breeding cycle, thus creating new flower varieties with high technical content and obvious market competition advantages. (II) Current status of China's flower industry 1. There are many enterprises, but there are few large-scale enterprises. The scale of production of flowers and the degree of intensification are low. It is imperative to expand the scale. 2. Farmers as the mainstay cannot meet the requirements of modern production. 3. The number of flower markets is large, but it is not large. 4. The technical composition of flower production and management is relatively low, and the development of new flower varieties lags behind. (III) Prospects of GM Flower Market In order to promote the rapid development of the flower industry in China, the central and local governments have successively introduced a number of policies to support flower production in recent years. Judging from the current situation, the conditions for the leap-forward development of China's flower industry have basically matured: 1) The sustained and rapid development of the national economy and the increase of disposable income of urban and rural residents will effectively stimulate the flower consumption market; 2) Many places are In the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry, the flower industry has been planned as an important industry; 3) After China's accession to the WTO, the international cooperation and exchange of the flower industry will be more extensive, which will help improve the overall level of technology and market competitiveness of flower production in China.

 

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