1. Chrysanthemum (1) Overview Chrysanthemum is a plant of the Asteraceae family. It is used as a head-type inflorescence and is used for traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effect of dispelling wind, cooling heat, clearing the liver, and clarifying the appearance of exogenous wind-heat and dizziness and headache. Chrysanthemum tea is often used for summer to relieve annoyance, affect the function of eyesight. Chrysanthemum is cultivated all over the country, among which the famous Anhui Qiji, Zhejiang Chrysanthemum, Huaihua Chrysanthemum of Henan, Hebei Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum are the important Chinese herbal medicines exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Chrysanthemum like warm climate and sunny environment, can be cold, afraid of blisters, but seedling, flowering can not be short of water, Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, the response to the length of sunshine is very sensitive, no more than 10 hours of light every day, can bud flowering.
(II) Cultivation techniques
1. The soil on which land is selected for planting chrysanthemums does not require strict soil, but it is well-selected to drain well, fertile, loose, and well grown in soils rich in humus. Sticky and low-lying land should not be planted. Saline-alkali land should not be planted. Avoid continuous cropping.
2. Propagation methods include ramets propagation and cutting propagation.
(l) After the ramets are set to collect the chrysanthemums in November, the stems of the chrysanthemums will be cut off on the ground, and the robust, disease-free plants will be selected. The roots will be dug out and replanted on a fertile plot. Mixed fertilizer, keep warm winter. When the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 15-cm high from April to April in the following year, the whole plant is excavated and divided into several plants. The plant is immediately planted in Daejeon and the plant spacing is 40 cm. 1-2 plants per hole were planted, compacted after planting, and water was poured. Normally, one mu of old seedlings can be planted with a production area of ​​about 15 mu.
(2) Cutting seedlings From April to May or June to August, we choose thick, disease-free cutting techniques. Take a section of it and cut it into small pieces of 10-15 cm. Treat the cuttings with phytohormones, then insert the cuttings into the seedbed, spacing 20-25 cm, plant spacing 6-7 cm, compaction watering, about 20 days Hair roots, topdressing once a month after the manure and livestock water, seedlings can be transplanted when the seedling height is 20 cm. 3. The transplanted seedlings were transplanted from April to May and the cuttings were transplanted from May to June. Choose cloudy days or after the rain or in the evening on sunny days. On the whole surface, dig a hole with a distance of 40 cm and a depth of 6 cm. Then, take out the seedlings and plant one seedling per hole. , Planting seedlings planted 1-2 plants per hole. Soil compaction after planting, pouring root water.
4, field management (l) cultivator weeding chrysanthemum seedlings survived, to bud before weeding 4-5 times. Every time weeding should be shallow and shallow, we must also carry out soil cultivation to prevent the seedlings from lodging.
(2) Dressing chrysanthemum like fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, the growth period should also be top dressing 5 times. The first time after transplanting and returning green, 10-15 kg of urea was applied to the seedlings. The second time in the plant branch, the cake fertilizer and human waste can be applied per acre. The third fertilization is at budding stage.
(3) After branching bud chrysanthemums, around the time of the small age, when the seedling height is 25 centimeters, take the first topping, select the sunny day to take off the top heart 1-2 centimeters, then pick it up once every two weeks and stop after the great heat. Otherwise, excessive branching, malnutrition, and flower heads become smaller, but affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemums.
(4) Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Common diseases of chrysanthemum include root rot, downy mildew, and brown spot. In the rainy season, chrysanthemums are susceptible to leaf blight, and the roots are rotted and rotten, with nematodes in the roots, which seriously affect the growth of chrysanthemums. The prevention and treatment method is to use carbofuran to treat jujube seedlings and planting holes before transplanting to avoid rotting; in addition, diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner; during the rainy season, water accumulation in the fields should be eliminated in time. Other pests and diseases can be treated by conventional methods.
(3) Harvesting and processing are generally carried out after the frost falls to the beginning of winter. Take the 2/3 of Huaxin's time to get the appropriate period. To pick up the chrysanthemum should choose sunny, after processing it must be processed in time to prevent decay, discoloration. All producing areas have traditional processing methods. The method of processing the chrysanthemum is as follows: When the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, even the stems are cut off and bundled into small bundles. When hanging upside down in a dry and ventilated place, do not expose to sunlight, or the aroma is poor. When it is dry to 80% dry, the flowers can be taken off and smoked in the smoke room with white smoke. After drying, it is dried in thin booths for 1 day. Then pack it. The processing method of Gongju is: drying and drying in a straight room, using smokeless charcoal as a fuel, controlling the temperature of the room at 40-50°C, and spreading the chrysanthemum on a bamboo curtain when the color is supplied to ivory , Remove from the room for supply, and then dry it until it is completely dry. Chrysanthemum per mu production is generally about 100 kilograms, with large flowers, white or bright flowers, petal hypertrophy or petals and more close, gas fragrance for the best.
(II) Cultivation techniques
1. The soil on which land is selected for planting chrysanthemums does not require strict soil, but it is well-selected to drain well, fertile, loose, and well grown in soils rich in humus. Sticky and low-lying land should not be planted. Saline-alkali land should not be planted. Avoid continuous cropping.
2. Propagation methods include ramets propagation and cutting propagation.
(l) After the ramets are set to collect the chrysanthemums in November, the stems of the chrysanthemums will be cut off on the ground, and the robust, disease-free plants will be selected. The roots will be dug out and replanted on a fertile plot. Mixed fertilizer, keep warm winter. When the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 15-cm high from April to April in the following year, the whole plant is excavated and divided into several plants. The plant is immediately planted in Daejeon and the plant spacing is 40 cm. 1-2 plants per hole were planted, compacted after planting, and water was poured. Normally, one mu of old seedlings can be planted with a production area of ​​about 15 mu.
(2) Cutting seedlings From April to May or June to August, we choose thick, disease-free cutting techniques. Take a section of it and cut it into small pieces of 10-15 cm. Treat the cuttings with phytohormones, then insert the cuttings into the seedbed, spacing 20-25 cm, plant spacing 6-7 cm, compaction watering, about 20 days Hair roots, topdressing once a month after the manure and livestock water, seedlings can be transplanted when the seedling height is 20 cm. 3. The transplanted seedlings were transplanted from April to May and the cuttings were transplanted from May to June. Choose cloudy days or after the rain or in the evening on sunny days. On the whole surface, dig a hole with a distance of 40 cm and a depth of 6 cm. Then, take out the seedlings and plant one seedling per hole. , Planting seedlings planted 1-2 plants per hole. Soil compaction after planting, pouring root water.
4, field management (l) cultivator weeding chrysanthemum seedlings survived, to bud before weeding 4-5 times. Every time weeding should be shallow and shallow, we must also carry out soil cultivation to prevent the seedlings from lodging.
(2) Dressing chrysanthemum like fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, the growth period should also be top dressing 5 times. The first time after transplanting and returning green, 10-15 kg of urea was applied to the seedlings. The second time in the plant branch, the cake fertilizer and human waste can be applied per acre. The third fertilization is at budding stage.
(3) After branching bud chrysanthemums, around the time of the small age, when the seedling height is 25 centimeters, take the first topping, select the sunny day to take off the top heart 1-2 centimeters, then pick it up once every two weeks and stop after the great heat. Otherwise, excessive branching, malnutrition, and flower heads become smaller, but affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemums.
(4) Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Common diseases of chrysanthemum include root rot, downy mildew, and brown spot. In the rainy season, chrysanthemums are susceptible to leaf blight, and the roots are rotted and rotten, with nematodes in the roots, which seriously affect the growth of chrysanthemums. The prevention and treatment method is to use carbofuran to treat jujube seedlings and planting holes before transplanting to avoid rotting; in addition, diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner; during the rainy season, water accumulation in the fields should be eliminated in time. Other pests and diseases can be treated by conventional methods.
(3) Harvesting and processing are generally carried out after the frost falls to the beginning of winter. Take the 2/3 of Huaxin's time to get the appropriate period. To pick up the chrysanthemum should choose sunny, after processing it must be processed in time to prevent decay, discoloration. All producing areas have traditional processing methods. The method of processing the chrysanthemum is as follows: When the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, even the stems are cut off and bundled into small bundles. When hanging upside down in a dry and ventilated place, do not expose to sunlight, or the aroma is poor. When it is dry to 80% dry, the flowers can be taken off and smoked in the smoke room with white smoke. After drying, it is dried in thin booths for 1 day. Then pack it. The processing method of Gongju is: drying and drying in a straight room, using smokeless charcoal as a fuel, controlling the temperature of the room at 40-50°C, and spreading the chrysanthemum on a bamboo curtain when the color is supplied to ivory , Remove from the room for supply, and then dry it until it is completely dry. Chrysanthemum per mu production is generally about 100 kilograms, with large flowers, white or bright flowers, petal hypertrophy or petals and more close, gas fragrance for the best.
Travel Soft Bag Kit,Emergency Kit For Travel,Outdoor First Aid Bag,First Aid Bag For Travel
RFX+CARE Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. , https://www.rk-rfxcare.com