One of the causes of forest rodents' plagues is the loss of balance between ecological and environmental conditions, the reduction of natural enemies, and the loss of control of the rodents to reproduce in large numbers. The second is the lack of food. When other foods are missing or absent, the rodents have to rely on bark and roots to maintain their lives. In addition, improper control measures are also a cause of paralysis. I. Prevention measures and prevention methods for forest rat pests Precautionary measures: First, to strengthen forecasting and forecasting, in one region, the dominant species should be strengthened to monitor the rat situation and be controlled when necessary. The second is to create an environment that is not conducive to the survival of rodents. In the forest areas, weeds should be frequently removed from the ground to destroy the hidden conditions of rodents and reduce their damage. The construction of wide-ranging arbor forest belts is not suitable for the habitat of grasslands and desert mice, and can block their rogues. It can also attract beneficial birds and beasts to inhabit and reproduce in the forest, which is extremely beneficial to the control of rat damage. The specific prevention and control methods include: (1) Ecological control measures Ecological control measures refer to the destruction of the suitable living and environmental conditions of the rodents by strengthening the comprehensive management measures based on forest management, and affecting the growth of rodent populations to enhance forests. The self-control ability forms a sustainable control of ecological forestry. The prevention and control of forest rodent pests must begin with afforestation work, and various prevention and control measures must be implemented during the afforestation period to prevent forest rodent damage. 1. When designing afforestation, first consider creating coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and fast-growing and high-yield forests. Plant pest-tolerant tree species must be planted to optimize the stand structure and tree structure, and close-packed plants should be planted in close proximity to forests as soon as possible. 2. Before afforestation, deep plowing shall be carried out in conjunction with fish scale pit preparation to destroy the habitat of rats; the branches, shoots, fallen wood, etc. in the afforestation site shall be cleaned to improve the sanitation conditions of the afforestation site. 3. During afforestation, the tree seedlings should be treated with a tree protectant for preventive treatment (the roots and stems can be soaked with anti-caries agents and repellents); deep-pit planting and excavation prevention should be carried out in areas where underground moles are active. Rat barrier trench. 4. After afforestation, promptly remove shrubs and vines in forests during tending, do a good job of environmental sanitation in forests, destroy habitats and food resources for rodents, control the intensity of tending, cutting, and pruning, and plant trees reasonably close to forest as early as possible; Stack the harvesting residues (tree heads, branches, shrub branches, etc.) and allow the rodents to feed. In the peak years of rodent pests, alternative foods can be used to prevent rodent hazards, such as providing emergency food for the rats to overwinter, in order to reduce the harm to the forest. For newly planted young forests, the forest management department must strengthen supervision and control, discover rodent pests, and immediately carry out chemical control of pests. (b) Control measures for natural enemies According to the food contact between various organisms in the natural world, vigorous protection and utilization of natural enemies of rodents plays a positive role in controlling the number of rat rodents and the occurrence of rodent pests. 1. The forest area must maintain a good forest ecological environment, implement closures and afforestation, strictly implement measures such as hunting and ban fishing, protect all natural enemies of rodents, and minimize human interference and destruction of the natural ecological environment. It is conducive to habitat and reproduction of rodent natural enemies. 2. Pile up piles of wood or firewood and haystacks in plantation forests to attract pupae. In artificial forest margins or open spaces in forests, retain larger hardwood trees or hang retrieving rods and place wooden sections with natural tree holes. It is conducive to the habitat and reproduction of rat-eating birds. 3. In areas where conditions permit, artificial enemies such as yellow locusts, crickets, white pelicans, goshawks and other natural enemies of rats can be used to eradicate rats. (C) Physical control For woodlands with low population density of pests and which are not suitable for large-scale rodent control, physical devices such as rat plague, ground arrows, and bow-shaped maggots can be used to carry out mass artificial rodents. It is also possible to protect the tree by digging away rat-proof barriers and bundling plastic, metal and other protective materials at the base of the trunk. The forestry bureau of Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province adopted the method of trapping wells to prevent and control forest rodents. The results were good and the unit cost was low. The method is: trapping the use of round plastic bottles, bottle height 25 cm, diameter 9 cm, plastic bottle cut off the bottle, buried vertically underground, buried depth 20 cm, the upper mouth 5 cm above the ground. Bait Choose one of the mush-like foods such as fried white sunflower seeds, sunflowers, paper immersed in green onion oil, red pine seed, biscuit residue, and the like to be placed in traps. Trapping wells with a spacing of 1020 meters have the best trapping effect. (IV) Chemical rodent control For the treatment areas where pest density is relatively high and causes some damage, chemical rodenticides should be used for prevention and control. Chemical rodenticides include both acute and chronic, containing some plants, and even microbial rodenticides. Acute rodenticides (such as zinc phosphide) seriously harm non-target animals, destroy ecological balance, and are harmful to humans and animals. They should limit their use in production control. The first generation of anticoagulants in chronic rodenticides (such as nausea and rat poison) require multiple administrations and are prone to drug resistance. The use of such drugs is not recommended in the prevention and control. The second generation of new anticoagulants (such as bromadiolone, etc.) is safe for non-target animals, has no secondary poisoning, does not produce drug resistance, and can be used in large quantities in the prevention and control. However, some protective measures should be taken appropriately, such as the addition of protective colors, small plastic bag packaging and so on. Dalong drugs have the dual effects of acute and chronic, serious secondary poisoning, and should be used with caution in production control. (5) Biological control Biological control is a basic technical measure and must be used in conjunction with it, and it must be implemented universally and over a long period of time in order to achieve the natural sustainable control of forest rat damage. The agents that are now advocated for use can be divided into three categories. 1. Botox botulinum toxin is a type of botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. It is a unique protein monomer or polymer consisting of several amino acids, and it is highly specific to rodents. Sex, killing effect is very good, can be used in the prevention and control of production; However, the use of such agents should prevent light, and can not be higher than a certain temperature, but also pay attention to avoid the phenomenon of poisoning of small birds. 2. Forest protection agent Forest protection agent refers to the use of various methods to control the behavior of rodents in order to achieve the purpose of repelling rodents for protection of trees, including anti-caries agents, repellents, and multi-effect anti-drought and rodent-repellent agents. As this kind of pharmaceuticals does not harm natural enemies and is safe to the ecological environment, it can be popularized and applied in production control, especially when it is used in afforestation. 3. Antifertility Agents Antifertility agents are compounds that cause lifelong or temporary sterilization of animals, either sexually or sexually, or that can reduce the number of offspring or alter the reproductive ability of offspring through other physiological mechanisms, including infertility agents and other agents. Second, the prevention and treatment of rodent control in the spring and fall seasons, the specific time by the localities according to the actual situation to decide. However, rodent pest control in afforestation sites should be carried out 7 to 10 days before afforestation; rodent pest control in unforested afforestation sites and young forest sites should be conducted during the period before frost falls and after snowfall. 1. Spring Prevention and Control: In the spring, 3 to 10% of the plots of forest trees with damaged plants can be treated with sterile agents, repellents, forest management techniques, and natural enemies. Plots of 11-20% of the affected plants can be controlled by physical methods, infertility agents, repellents, and chemical agents. Plots containing more than 21% of the planted plants must be controlled by chemical agents. 2. Fall Prevention: In the investigation of standard hamster species and density, when the target mouse species capture rate is 1-4% for 100 days, natural enemies control, silviculture techniques, infertility agents, repellents, etc. can be used. Measures to prevent and control. When the capture rate is 5-9%, physical methods, infertility agents, repellents, and chemical agents can be used for prevention and control. When the capture rate is above 10%, it must first be poisoned with chemical agents to rapidly reduce the density of rodents, and then take the above-mentioned other measures to consolidate the prevention and control results. Third, the regional division of the occurrence According to the average tree rate of forest trees, the harm degree of forest rodents is divided into three types: the mild, moderate and severe areas. In different areas, different governance measures are taken. 1. Mild Occurrence Areas (3-10% of forest planted strains rate): Focusing on prevention work, attach importance to the control of natural enemies on pests. To maintain a good forest ecological environment, implement closures and afforestation, hunting and ban fishing, protect natural enemies of rodents, and reduce human interference and damage to forests. In plantations, piles of stones or firewood and haystacks are piled up to facilitate the habitat and decoction of natural enemies of rats. Large-leaved trees are reserved, wooden sticks are hung with natural tree holes, and cunning animals are recruited. Artificial rodents such as astragalus, cockroaches, pelicans, goshawks, and snakes can also be artificially reared and propagated to eradicate rats. 2. Moderately-occurring areas (11-20% of forest-planted planting rate): To protect the ecological environment, increase the proportion of biological control, and minimize the damage through various artificial, biological, and ecological control measures. When planting seedlings and afforestation, seedling stems are soaked with repellents and preventively controlled with plant sterilizers for rats; at the same time, they are supplemented by forestation measures such as enclosure and construction of mixed forests, or physical machinery such as rat fleas. Manually kill. 3. Severely occurring areas (more than 21% of the planted trees): To reduce the density of the mouse's mouth, use chemical, ecological, biological and other technical measures to conduct comprehensive prevention and control to minimize the damage. Application of C-botulinum toxin, bromadiolone and multi-functional anti-caries agents for prevention and treatment. IV. Safety Measures Before the prevention and treatment of rodent pests, publicity work should be done so as to make it known to everybody and detail the time and place of rodent control, and prevent the people from going to the woodland for grazing. A warning sign prohibiting grazing should be set in the pesticide application area to avoid the occurrence of human and animal poisoning incidents. Rodenticides and poison baits are kept by special personnel and are not allowed to start without authorization. When preparing and launching poison baits, the operators must wear masks and gloves. The containers and tools used for preparing and dispensing the poison baits should be used exclusively. The use of humans and animals is strictly forbidden and the poisoned persons must be rescued in time. . (Source: Guo Dayun, Caohecheng Forest Farm, Benxi County)
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