1, cherry fertilization period
The cherry tree has a short growing period and has the characteristics of rapid and concentrated fertilizer application. From budding, leaf spreading, flowering, fruit development to maturity, all are concentrated from April to June. At the same time, flower bud differentiation is also concentrated in a short period of time after harvest. Therefore, the quality of tree nutrients before winter is directly affected by the tree. The growth and development. According to this feature, autumn fertilization, flower and fruit period, and post-harvest top dressing of fruits are essential. Basal fertilization is usually performed in early autumn in August and September. Fertilizer can be used in the same year after fertilization to increase nutrient accumulation in the tree, which is beneficial to flowering results. According to the fertilizer requirement of cherries, the topdressing can be divided into 3 times: first, the fertilizer before flowering, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, timely supplement the tree nutrients, promote the flower buds germination and spring shoot growth; the second is the strong fruit fertilizer, with nitrogen, Potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer, promote fruit enlargement, reduce physiological fruit drop, improve fruit quality, and supplement tree nutrients. Thirdly, topdressing the fruits prior to coloring is mainly quick-acting potash fertilizer, which is applied 20~25 days before harvest. The fourth is to supplement fertilizer after fruit harvesting, mainly based on available fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer.
2, cherry fertilizer
1) Fertilizer demand
Cherry has the largest demand for nitrogen and potassium, and the quantity is similar. The demand for phosphorus is much lower. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:1.5 to 10:12. In addition, the ratio of calcium, magnesium, and sulphur for middle-weight elements of cherry is 1.4-2.4:0.3-0.8:0.2-0.4. These elements play an important role in improving the quality of the fruit. In particular, calcium can prevent cracking of large cherries, increase fruit firmness, extend the delivery period, reduce physiological diseases during storage, increase the stress resistance of fruits and trees, and reduce the risk of frost damage during flowering. There is a certain role.
2) The nutrient content required for the fruit
According to the study, for every 100 kilograms of fruit produced, about 1.04 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.14 kilograms of pure phosphorus, and 1.37 kilograms of pure potassium are required, plus a cherry orchard with the necessary growth of roots, foliage, leaching of rainwater, and fixed soil, with moderate soil fertility. The annual amount of fertilizer should be 2 to 3 times the fruit yield.
3) Nutritional content of normal plant leaves
In normal growing cherry trees, the contents of main elements in leaf dry matter were: nitrogen 2.33-3.27%, phosphorus 0.23-0.32%, potassium 1.25-1.92%, calcium 1.62-2.60%, magnesium 0.49-0.74%, trace element content: Sulfur 124 to 150 mg per kg, iron 119 to 203 mg per kg, manganese 44 to 60 mg per kg, boron per kg 38 to 54 mg, zinc per kg 20 to 50 mg, copper per kg 8 to 28 mg, molybdenum 0.5 per kg ~ 1 mg. After the plant diagnosis and analysis, if it is lower than the lower limit of the above content, it is necessary to make up the fertilizer in a timely manner so as to avoid the occurrence of a deficiency syndrome. Specific to a cherry orchard, the appropriate amount of various fertilizers should also be determined based on the level of production in the park. Formulated with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization will promote the high yield and stable production of cherries.
4) Base application organic fertilizer dosage
Organic fertilizer can improve the soil, increase soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution and improve the quality of cherries. It has a certain effect on the color, brightness, hardness and sugar content of fruits. High-yield cherries generally produce 150-200 kg of organic fertilizer for pigs and manure after fermentation.
5) Spray trace element fertilizer
Mainly based on the principle of deficiency due to lack of appropriate supplements of boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements. Spraying 0.3% borax solution during flowering can promote flower development and increase fruit setting rate. After the fruit is set, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed to increase the sugar content and coloring effect of the fruit.
3, cherry fertilization method
According to the characteristics of cherries and the characteristics of different fertilizers, basal fertilizer should be applied. First of all, do a trick to the tree tray. Apply the organic fertilizer to the surface of the tree tray and water immediately. The amount of water is 100 kg per plant. The advantages of applying basal fertilizer: First, the absorption area is large and the utilization rate is high; second, the nutrient is not easy to lose, and the effect is good; third, the loose soil is not compacted. The method of foliar spraying outside roots is generally adopted, which can directly absorb nutrients by the leaves. It is an efficient and rapid method of fertilization. It mainly consists of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a urea concentration of 0.3-0.5% and dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium concentration is 0.3%. The spraying should be from top to bottom. The front of the leaf should be sprayed on the front surface. The leaves and fruit do not drip.
Cherry is a tree species that avoids chlorine. Therefore, potassium must be selected from potassium sulfate and potassium chloride cannot be used.
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