Jujube tree is one of the fruit trees that we are very familiar with. The jujube tree has a very large area for planting. After the jujube tree enters the fruit period, it is necessary to make good management of the soil and fertilizer so as to maintain the advantages of the jujube tree and determine the final yield. The soil and fertilizer water management of jujube trees in Shengguo period can be summarized as “two cultivations, four fertilizers, and three watersâ€.
jujube
I. "Two-tillage" refers to deep-turning and cultivating. Deep turning can loosen the soil of the jujube orchard, deepen the root distribution layer of the jujube tree, and expand the scope of root absorption nutrients. Deep turning can be carried out in the spring and autumn. The cultivator is ploughed several times in the growing season, which is beneficial to reduce water evaporation, improve soil aeration conditions, promote the absorption of nutrients by the jujube tree, and prevent return of salt and alkali.
Second, the "four fertilizers" refers to basal fertilizer, budding fertilizer, flowering fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer.
(1) Autumn Schiff base fertilizer. Jujube trees are best applied to basal before harvesting, which helps to accumulate large amounts of storage nutrients and lay a foundation for high yields in the following year. Basal fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers, and some quick-acting fertilizers can be properly applied.
(2) Fertilizer before budding. It is usually conducted in early April of the following year. The jujube garden where no basal fertilizer is applied in autumn should pay attention to the application of germination fertilizer.
Jujube soil fertilizer management
(3) Dressing fertilizer during flowering. Jujube flower bud differentiation has the characteristics of differentiation in the year, multiple differentiation, differentiation with growth, short differentiation time, and multiple numbers of differentiation. Therefore, large quantities of jujube flowers and long flowering periods consume large amounts of nutrients. If nutrition does not keep up, it will inevitably lead to serious flowering and fruit loss. Applying fertilizer at flowering stage can reduce fruit drop. Fertilizer can be applied to the soil during flowering, and foliar spray can also be used. It is better to increase the fruit setting rate.
(4) Fruit helper. Fertilizer is usually topped in mid-July, when young fruit grows vigorously. This dressing is directly related to the yield and quality of jujube. The fruit-feeding fertilizer is preferably nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, which can be applied to the soil or sprayed on the foliage.
In the fruit period, the jujube yield is the highest and the amount of fertilizer required is also the largest. In the full fruiting period, each jujube needs 100 kg of organic fertilizer per year, 1 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer, 2.5 kg of superphosphate and 2.5 kg of plant ash.
Jujube soil fertilizer and water management
3. "Sanshui" refers to the three water supplies that must be guaranteed each year corresponding to the three top dressings, namely, germination water, flowering water and young fruit water. Flowering water can prevent the phenomenon of detritus caused by drought, reduce flowering and fruit drop, and generally water before opening. In addition to the above “Sanshuiâ€, some areas have the habit of pouring frozen water to promote tree development.
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