How to artificially cultivate Schisandra? At present, the development prospect of Chinese herbal medicine market is promising, and the prospect of artificial planting is also relatively broad. However, as a medicinal material with high medicinal value, Schisandra is of course deeply concerned by the farmers. Let's learn the artificial planting technique of Schisandra together.
1 Site preparation
The nursery site should be loose and fertile, with close to the water source and well-drained land. After tillage, it is finely smashed and made into a 15 cm high and 120-150 cm wide simmered manure 10-15 kg. In addition to fertility and well irrigation, the planting site requires a slope of less than 15 degrees, and can be burrowed at a distance of 0.8 to 1.1 meters. When semi-artificial cultivation is used, a plot of plants with stents should be selected.
2 seedling transplanting
At present, Schisandra chinensis is mainly based on seed reproduction, and the ramets are supplemented by cuttings.
2.1 seed nursery
Before sowing, the seeds harvested in the same year are soaked in warm water for 2 to 3 days, the flesh is removed, the seeds are washed out, mixed with 3 times of wet sand, and placed in an outdoor natural layer. After thawing in the spring of the next year, it is moved into the room and continues to stratify. After most of the embryos are mature, they can be sown (about mid-May). Often spread according to the line spacing of 15 cm, covered with soil about 2 cm, slightly after the suppression of the grass cover moisturizing, about 5 kg per mu. When 3 to 4 weeks of emergence, remove the grass, and set up a shade shed (demolition in late August). The seedling stage should be combined with loose soil weeding for seedling. When the seedlings reach 3 to 4 leaves, the seedlings should be fixed at 5-7 cm. When transplanted with 5 to 10 leaves, it can be transplanted and planted.
2.2 cutting seedlings
Before the germination of the early spring plants, the two-year-old branches are cut into strips, and the cuttings are cut into 15 cm, each of which has 2 to 3 knots, and then inserted into the seedbed according to the 15×7-10 cm row spacing, at 27-31 ° C. Promote rooting. The shoots can also be cut in July, cut into 10 cm long branches, inserted into the bed at a distance of 15 × 7-10 cm, pay attention to moisturizing and sheltering, and transplanted in the autumn of the next year.
2.3 seedling standard
Choose 1 to 2 years old and strong seedlings, it is not appropriate to use small seedlings. Seedlings are difficult to feed, so seedlings must use strong seedlings. Strong seedling standards: high to 20cm, root length of about 20cm and a large number of viable translucent white-stem roots, seedlings at the base of the stem. When buying seedlings, be sure to pay attention to the roots. The roots should be white and fresh, and look like a vibrant fluffy cotton. Excavate seedlings and transport seedlings. During the planting process, these translucent white-stem roots cannot be exposed to the sun, and even a short period of time will affect the vitality.
2.4 transplanting
Spring and Autumn can be carried out. Both are in the dormant period. Dig a hole according to the row spacing 70-90 cm × 100-120 cm, the depth of the hole is 30-35 cm, the diameter is 60 cm, and each time the fertilization is 2 to 3 kg, the soil is mixed with the soil and the seedlings are planted. After planting, practise and pour water.
3 Field management
3.1 scaffolding
After transplanting and planting, it should be framed for climbing. The bracket is divided into two types: natural bracket and artificial bracket. The natural bracket has trees with appropriate height and sparse canopy. It is better to use mountain red or mountain stalks. Artificial brackets are erected with cement columns. Each column is set up every 4 to 6 meters. 50 cm high pull a galvanized iron wire, the schisandra vines tied to the iron wire. In the year of planting, it is necessary to give the racks in time so that the Schisandra can climb normally. Otherwise, it will not grow taller, but only the long side branches and the transverse stems, and finally form clusters of small shrubs. When the schisandra vine has no frame climbing, sometimes it stops growing when it is less than one foot long. The schisandra vine grows to be able to wrap the slats, often tying the vines and slats to prevent shaking in the air.
3.2 weeding, topdressing, irrigation
After transplanting, weeding according to the field conditions, 4 to 5 times a year, the depth of cultivating is about 10 cm, the soil is loose and breathable, and plays a role in drought and water retention. Pay attention not to damage the roots during the weeding process. Schisandra not only has low water use efficiency, but also has very low fertilizer utilization rate. Under the fertilization level of common crops, it cannot meet the fertilizer amount required for rapid growth. Moreover, the fertilization of Schisandra chinensis roots is particularly weak, and the fertilization point can not be absorbed and utilized away from the root absorption zone. In particular, the root growth of the seedlings in the current year is small in the soil, and the fertilization distance should not exceed 10cm. However, the fertilization amount is close to the seedling, so it is easy to fertilize the schisandra. The first top dressing amount is about 15g per tree, and it is applied after the seedling. The N:P:K ratio is 2:1:1, and the fertilization point is the north side of the seedling.
The second fertilization period depends on the first application. When there is some de-fertilization at the growth point, the fertilizer can be applied. The amount of topdressing is the same as the first time. The N:P:K ratio is 1:1. 1, the topdressing position is the diagonal opposite of the first fattening point, is the southwest of the seedling, is to stay the third fattening point. The third top dressing should consider the growth time, and at the latest, no more than the beginning of August. The fertilization amount is still the same level, the N:P:K ratio is 1:2:2, and the fertilization point is the opposite of the previous two fertilization points, which is the southeast of the seedling. However, it should be noted that each application of fertilization should consider the situation of base fertilizer, soil fertility, moisture, etc., and adjust the amount of fertilizer and ratio at any time. When the liquid fertilizer is used, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the same as that of topdressing. The concentration of liquid fertilizer is 0.3% for the first time, 0.5-0.7% for the second time and 0.5% for the third time. The amount of liquid fertilizer is about 2kg per root of Schisandra seedlings. The combination of liquid fertilizer and watering combines two birds with one stone. The flowering period of Schisandra chinensis is positive in the dry season, and it should be watered to prevent falling flowers and fruits. The soil should be kept moist during the fruit expansion period. The roots are filled with water before freezing in autumn, and then the soil is cultivated to facilitate wintering and growth in the next year.
3.3 trimming
Schisandra is a dry-free plant. To maintain a high yield, it must be finished by trimming on the basis of sufficient fertilizer, water, ventilation and light. The pruning is mainly in winter and spring. When pruning, the cut is 2 to 2.5 cm from the bud, 30 cm from the ground, and the side leaves are not left. On the ground, except for 2 to 3 main vines bound to the bamboo raft, the remaining parasitic branches are all the same. Cut off, when the branches are not covered with the frame, the immature part can only be cut off for the main spread long branches. The trimming of the side vines is dominated by medium and long shoots, and the spacing is maintained at 15-20 cm. It is better to leave about 13 long branches in each pole. The leaf clumps are not cut in principle. When the main vines are aging, the new vines should be selected from the plant base to be updated. It is necessary to cut off the parasitic branches, from the branches, the side lychees, the diseased branches and the newly-grown branches. Reasonable pruning can improve the structure, rejuvenate the plants, and prolong the age of the results.
3.4 disease prevention and pest control
The diseases mainly include blight, root rot, powdery mildew, black spot, etc. The main pests are leaf curlers, heartworms, and red spiders. Pest control must take pollution-free prevention and control methods to prevent the medicinal value of Schisandra. The basic principles of using pesticides are:
(1) Disabling highly toxic, highly toxic, and highly residual pesticides;
(2) Rational mixing of pesticides;
(3) Alternate medication to reduce the resistance of pests and diseases;
(4) Master the dosage and spraying time to avoid phytotoxicity;
(5) Improve the utilization rate of pesticides, and prescribe the right medicine;
(6) The interval between continuous use of pesticides is 7 to 15 days. The production field of Schisandra must prevent the infestation of 2,4-D butyl ester.
4 harvesting
From September to October, when the fruit is bright red, pick it, cut it and put it in the sun to dry it. On sunny days, let the dew be moist, so that the schisandra oil is good in quality. When the handcuffs are elastic, when the loosening is restored, it is good. Its handle and impurities can be stored or sold.
The above is the artificial cultivation point of Schisandra. Welcome to the farmer who wants to plant Schisandra to benefit from the reference!
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