Scientists discover the mechanism that makes cancer cells "self-destructive"

April 05, 2017 Source: Biological Exploration

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If cancer cells can be self-destructed without damaging healthy cells, this will bring important significance to the treatment of cancer. Today, scientists have discovered a mechanism that could achieve this goal.

A few days ago, researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) in Israel revealed the key role of three proteins in killing cancer cells in Oncotarget. The study, led by Professor Malka Cohen-Armon of the TAU School of Medicine, found that these proteins can be specifically modified during cell mitosis, releasing an intrinsic "death mechanism" that eradicates the self-replication of cancer cells and Validation in a variety of tumor cells, including breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, blood cancer, brain cancer, and the like.

Professor Cohen-Armon said that this mechanism can kill cancer cells without damaging healthy cells. According to this mechanism, the faster the cancer cells proliferate, the faster the speed and efficiency of eradication. The mechanism of release during mitosis may be suitable for invasive tumors that are not affected by traditional chemotherapy.

The newly discovered mechanism involves the modification of specific proteins that affect the structure and stability of the spindle. The researchers found that certain compounds, such as phenanthridine derivatives, can weaken the activity of these proteins, deform the spindle structure and prevent chromosome segregation. Once these proteins are modified, cell separation is stopped, thereby accelerating cell self-destruction. This mechanism may become a new target for cancer research.

The researchers said the study used phenanthridine derivatives for testing, but other drugs that modify these proteins can also be used to destroy cancer cells.

The researchers used cultured cancer cells and mice implanted with human cancer cells to conduct experiments using biochemical, molecular biology, and imaging techniques to observe this mechanism. In mice that were implanted with triple-negative breast cancer cells, they observed a phenomenon of tumor growth arrest. Professor Cohen-Armon said, "The identification mechanism and revealing its relevance to cancer treatment have opened up new avenues for the elimination of malignant tumors." Currently, they are exploring the potential of phenanthridine derivatives to treat pancreatic cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.

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