Chrysanthemum is native to China, and it is the oldest traditional flower in cultivation history. It has such nicknames as Zhu Ying, Yan Hua, Ju Hua, Ji Hua, Jin Rui, Women's Day and Huang Hua. Chrysanthemum is not only colorful, beautiful flower shape, but also fear the cold, proud frost bloom, since ancient times, has been deeply loved by people. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herb of the genus Compositae.
Standing erect or spreading, stout and much branched, plant height 40 to 150 cm, branchlets greenish or purple-brown. Leaves large, ovate to broadly lanceolate, margin serrate or deeply lobed, base cuneate, stipitate, with or without trails.
Chrysanthemum is one of the basis for identifying chrysanthemum varieties. Heads, 2 to 30 cm in diameter. Colors are white, pink, snowy, rose red, purple to reddish, egg yolk, yellow, brownish brown, brownish red, in addition to light green, red flour back, red yellow back, and an inflorescence in two different colors The flowers are called "Qi color".
Chrysanthemum is a cold-resistant flower, cool and cool in nature, and full of light. At 18-21°C, it is most suitable for growth and development. In addition to Xiaju, most of them are open in autumn.
In the past, chrysanthemums were all soil-planted, and soilless cultivation was introduced in the new method.
Use cuttings to raise seedlings. In mid-June, choose a suitable plant type, suitable for commercial Chrysanthemum species, with its winter or spring planting seedlings as mother plants, cut the upper part of its full, pest-free cuttings for the top. The cuttings were 5-7 cm in length. After removal, the base leaves were removed and 2-3 leaflets were retained. The incisions were horseshoe-shaped. The seedlings were based on vermiculite and were first sterilized with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. The cutting depth is about 2 cm, and the row spacing is about 3 cm. After being inserted, it is sprayed with clear water, and the inserting pot (or box) is placed in a semi-subterranean seedbed, covered with a plastic film and a draperie curtain. 3 to 5 days after cutting, spray once, about 20 days can be transplanted.
The inorganic nutrient elements required for preparing the nutrient solution are: potassium nitrate 69%, superphosphate 18%, magnesium sulfate 9.7%, urea 1.4%, ferrous sulfate 0.69%, manganese sulfate 0.27%, phosphoric acid 0.27%, anhydrous calcium chloride 0.067%, zinc acetate 0.067%.
The ratio of total weight of inorganic elements to water is 1:500 in the previous period (mid-July to early August), 1:300 times in the middle period (mid-August to mid-September), and later (from late September to mid-October). ) is 1:400, PH is 5 to 5.5. In early July, the complete rooted seedlings of Chrysanthemum were transplanted in a new pot with an internal diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 14 cm. The substrate was covered with vermiculite and the drainage holes in the basin were covered with tiles.
After being planted, the water can be sprayed with a watering can, and the upper part is covered with a plastic film to prevent rain, and the cover curtain is shaded. After 7-10 days, remove the plastic film and drapes (after the heavy rain and cover the plastic film before mid-late August) and start pouring the nutrient solution. Once every 5 days, spray some fresh water after each application to prevent nutrient solution. Stay on the blade to cause damage.
3 days after the beginning of autumn, apply a nutrient solution, and then change the buds to another 5 days. In case of rain, supplement the nutrient solution in time. Because the matrix is ​​soft, the seedlings are easy to fall down. Therefore, it is necessary to spray 800-1000 times B9 solution 2-3 times in the early stage and when the seedlings are 10-15 cm high, to prevent leggy.
Soilless cultivation of chrysanthemums, from the cuttings to the early bloom of the flowers, takes only 110 to 130 days, and the chrysanthemums have strong ornamental value. Moreover, compared with the soil, the labor intensity is low, and it is cleaner and healthier.
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