Standardized breeding of pigs is the only way to achieve sustainable development of the pig industry to safety, ecology, high yield, quality and efficiency. Standardized farming techniques mainly include the following five major contents:
Production standardization
It mainly refers to the formulation and implementation of scientific and standardized livestock and poultry breeding management regulations, and is equipped with animal husbandry and veterinary technicians who are suitable for the breeding scale, strictly abides by the relevant provisions on the use of feed, feed additives and veterinary drugs, and implements dynamic management of information in the production process.
Production management procedures and systems mainly include: production techniques for production of reserve breeding pigs, breeding boars, pregnant sows, childbirth sows, weaned piglets, nursery pigs, growth and finishing pigs; disease detection and diagnosis systems, immunization procedures, feed, feed Additives and veterinary drug management systems, health and epidemic prevention systems, production records and file management systems, disease-free treatment systems for sick pigs, and manure treatment management systems.
The various systems require that they be hung in a prominent position in the corresponding pig house or office. At the same time, improve the registration and record of each form, and archive it in time to make it traceable. In daily production management, we must strictly follow the operating procedures, and we can improve, but do not arbitrarily change the contents of procedures and systems, especially the immunization program. Avoid production instability caused by changes in personnel.
Good variety
Mainly refers to the local conditions, the selection of high-yield, high-quality and efficient pig breeds, clear source, good performance, qualified quarantine. For small and medium-sized farmers, it is important to pay attention to the outsourcing of breeding pigs. It is necessary to introduce from the regular breeding farms that have the Business License of Enterprise Legal Person, the License for Production and Management of Livestock and Poultry, and the Certificate of Animal Epidemic Prevention. At the time of introduction, it is required to provide "Pig Pig Conformity Certificate" or "Pig Pig File Certificate". There are three important contents in the certificate: the ear tag method of the pig, the pedigree of the pigs for more than three generations, and the measurement results of the production performance. With these materials and data, the source of the purchased pigs is regular and the quality of the pigs is relatively guaranteed.
Farming facility
It mainly refers to the scientific and rational layout of farms, and the production facilities and equipment such as livestock and poultry housing, feeding and environmental control meet the needs of standardized production.
The site selection of the pig farm should be selected in the nourishment area designated by the local government; it is more than 1000 meters away from the source of drinking water, residential areas and main traffic trunks, other livestock and poultry farms, and slaughtering and processing transactions. The layout of the pig farm is reasonable. The living area, production area and sewage treatment area should be separated by a certain scale; the sow area, the conservation area and the fattening area in the production area should also be separated, so that the functional division is clear and there are more than 50 meters. The distance is preferably set up with isolation belts; there are clean lanes and dirty roads in the production area, no crossover, no pollution, pig flow, scientific logistics, smooth, and favorable for epidemic prevention. The area of ​​the farm is in line with the needs of pig breeding. The total requirement is that the breeding sows can cover more than 40 m2 per head. For example, the size of 300 pigs with a size of sows can be at least 12,000 m2 (18 mu). .
Facilities such as feeding and environmental control meet the needs of standardization, mainly refers to the sow delivery room, the nursery area should use high bed slatted floor, the pig house is equipped with ventilation and temperature control equipment, there is automatic drinking fountain, there is control of drinking water plus Drug system, etc. Different types of inputs such as feed, drugs, and vaccines are classified, stored separately, and storage facilities are perfect. There is a disinfection tank at the entrance of the field, a dressing and disinfection room at the entrance of the production area, and the epidemic prevention facilities are complete. A certain size of the field can also be installed with an automatic feeding system, equipped with B-ultrasound for pregnancy inspection and information management facilities.
Epidemic institutionalization
It mainly refers to the perfection of epidemic prevention facilities, sound anti-epidemic system, scientific implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures for livestock and poultry diseases, and harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock.
Strictly implement the health and epidemic prevention system and establish a biosafety barrier. Require personnel to enter the pig farm production area to strictly control clothing, change shoes, wash, disinfect, and strictly prohibit the breeding of chickens, ducks, dogs and other animals on the field. Effective disinfection is carried out on a regular basis to eliminate mice and prevent birds in time. It is strictly forbidden to bring pigs, cattle, sheep and processed products from the field. It is strictly forbidden to buy pigs directly to enter the field to pick pigs, and to install pigs is the focus of epidemic prevention. The installed pig station should be placed far away from the field (at least 50 meters away from the production area), and should be cleaned and disinfected in time after each pig is installed. Strictly implement the immunization program, regularly monitor the health status of the herd, and focus on monitoring swine fever, foot and mouth disease, blue ear disease, pseudorabies and other diseases, and truly "prevent the main".
Fecal harmless
Refers to the proper treatment method of manure, complete facilities and normal operation, realizing the utilization of manure resources or meeting relevant emission standards. Including the harmless treatment of dead pigs and the harmless treatment of pig manure.
The pig farm should be equipped with a harmless treatment facility for sick and dead pigs such as a crematorium or a corpse. All dead pigs must be registered in detail, treated in a harmless manner and have a complete record.
The principle of harmless treatment of pig manure is reduced, harmless and resourced. The main measures for reduction are less flushing or no flushing, manual manure detection, and minimizing the amount of sewage. At present, the more widely used modes of harmless treatment are: "pig-marsh-fruit (grass, forest, etc.)" mode and "urinary dung + pig - marsh - fruit (grass, forest, etc.)" mode and "microbial litter" "Pig pig" mode, the first two modes are water-saving or no-rinse, dry decontamination and "solid-liquid separation - slag sedimentation - anaerobic digestion - aerobic biochemistry - irrigation of forest, fruit (small amount of raising The treatment process of fish) differs in that the "urinary faecal" mode can basically achieve no flushing compared with the traditional pig raising process, effectively reducing the amount of sewage. The “microbial litter raising pig†model refers to the use of wood chips, chaff, etc. as a litter, and after microbial fermentation, as a pig bed, pig manure and urine are discharged directly onto the litter, which is a water-saving and environmentally friendly The pig raising mode is more suitable for small-scale farming.
The farms should have fixed pig manure storage, stacking facilities and sites, and have measures to prevent rain, leakage and overflow.
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