Recently, the wheat expert steering group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center proposed technical advice on wheat winter and spring management in the Southwest. Although the southwest region is now applicable, other regions can also take precautions as follows:
At present, it is the key period of field management that the winter wheat in southwest China enters the jointing period. In general, the soil moisture content is suitable, and diseases, pests and weeds occur less frequently. The percentage of Grade I and II seedlings is more than 85%, and the seedling growth is better than the previous year. However, due to the high temperature, low sunshine, and uneven distribution of rainfall since sowing, the seedling growth is unbalanced, and the flourishing wheat fields coexist with the weak wheat fields. Waterlogging and wheat fields coexist, which increases the difficulty of field management. In order to promote the transformation of wheat seedlings, establish a reasonable group, and solidify the foundation for the harvest, the experts put forward the technical advice focused on "due to the land due to seedlings, promoting weak control and prosperous, draining drought, preventing and controlling pests and diseases".
The first reason is that fertilization by seedlings is strong. According to the target yield, the amount of basic fertilizer and the current situation, scientifically determine the amount of fertilizer. The target yields 400-500 kg of rice-barley wheat and 300-400 kg of dry-land wheat, and the total nitrogen use is controlled at 9-12 kg. Populations of small (less than 400,000/mu) and wheat fields lacking fertilizer and yellowing, topdressing urea 3 to 4 kg per acre; larger population (above 600,000/mu) and prolonged growth (main stem leaf age 7 leaves The above wheat fields are not fertilized for the time being. Until the booting flowering, depending on the seedling condition, it is then decided whether or not to supplement it. Avoid blindly fertilizing and stop seeing yellow fertilizer.
The second is because of water management. Some of the rice crops and wheat fields are heavy due to wet hazards and turn yellow, so we must do a good job of cleaning and draining moisture. For some rice fields with poor soil moisture and weak water retention, as well as wheat fields where the soil is impractical after plowing, which causes the surface to be dry and the middle and lower layers are not dry, “running horse water†can be filled so that it can be filled and discharged. Water is too long to avoid damaging it. For dryland wheat fields where dry elephants appear, watering and topdressing can be carried out together.
The third is to prevent and control pests and weeds. From March to March, it was a period when wheat stripe rust gradually expanded and gradually formed a "central disease group." It was also a critical period for controlling the outbreak of stripe rust. It is necessary to focus on prevention and control of the "Center disease group", so that monitoring and information release will be put in place, and field land surveys will be in place for inspection and timely drug control will be put in place. Do a good job in the window period and do a good job of “one shot and multiple defenses.†From early to early flowering, focus on the prevention of head blight, taking into account stripe rust, powdery mildew, and roundworms, etc. ,save costs. For the wheat field that has passed the optimum timing, manual weeding should be carried out in the middle and late stages.
The fourth is to prevent cold damage. The winter and spring temperatures are high, and the wheat has a rapid growth process. If it encounters extreme cold temperatures, it may cause great losses. At present, the best time for repression or spraying of retardants has been to adopt measures such as water control and fertilizer control to cultivate strong seedlings and enhance resistance. It is also possible to spray chemical cold resistance agents during the booting stage to prevent the flowering period of “cold springâ€. Improve the seed-setting rate.
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