Fertilizer is a necessity for crops, and fertilizer is the first choice for many farmers. Rational application of fertilizers has an effect on increasing crop yields. However, if fertilizer is applied excessively, it will be counterproductive, not only for crops but also for soil. In this issue, NPK is taken as an example to illustrate the different types of hazards caused by excessive fertilization, in order to guide readers.
Excessive supply of nitrogen hinders crop growth and produces toxic nitrite
Nitrogen fertilizer is the most needed fertilizer in agricultural production, and it plays an important role in improving crop yield and improving the quality of agricultural products. However, if the supply is too much, the crops will be late and mature, and the growth period will be prolonged, mainly in the thin cell wall, soft plants, susceptible to mechanical damage (falling) and disease invasion (such as barley brown rust, wheat scab, rice brown spots). disease).
At the same time, the large application of nitrogen fertilizer will make the cotton buds rare and easy to fall off, the sugar yield of beet roots decreased, the yield of fiber crops decreased, and the fiber quality decreased. It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the “nitrogen vegetable†produced by excessive nitrogen fertilizer is contaminated with nitrates, which will cause the nitrate content in vegetables to multiply and then be converted into nitrite. Nitrite is a highly toxic substance that can cause hypoxia in human cells and can induce cancer, which is extremely harmful.
Excessive phosphorus application causes soil chlorosis
The application of calcium phosphate not only provides phosphorus nutrition for crops, but also allows crops to obtain sulfur nutrition, but because of its low phosphorus content and more sub-components, it is commonly used in the production of heavy phosphate superphosphate. The heavy superphosphate does not contain impurities such as calcium sulfate, so that the phosphorus content is greatly increased and becomes a high concentration phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, the application of heavy superphosphate over the years will naturally lead to sulfur deficiency.
The symptoms of sulfur deficiency in crops are very similar to those of nitrogen deficiency. The main feature is that the leaves are chlorotic and yellow, but they are different in terms of subtle performance. The symptoms of nitrogen deficiency begin with the lower old leaves, and the symptoms of sulfur deficiency begin with the upper new leaves, causing the leaves to be greenish yellow.
Therefore, when planting sulphur-sweet crops, it is necessary to use calcium phosphate or alternately apply calcium phosphate and heavy superphosphate to reduce the occurrence of sulfur deficiency in the soil.
Potassium fertilizer is a fertilizer for potassium nutrients needed for plant growth. Appropriate application of potassium fertilizer can make grain kernels full, promote the enlargement of roots such as potatoes and potatoes, increase the sugar content of fruits, etc., and increase the tillering of grasses and other grass crops, and Make the stems of the plants thick and strong, not easy to fall, and enhance the ability to resist drought, cold and disease.
Excessive potassium affects crop growth and destroys soil structure
Although the benefits of potassium fertilizer are many, the dosage is not as good as possible. Excessive application will have adverse effects on crops: excessive application of potassium fertilizer will cause the absorption of magnesium and calcium in crops to decrease, causing leafy vegetables to be rotted and apples. Diseases and other diseases occur;
Excessive application of potassium fertilizer can also hinder the growth of crops, leading to crops prone to lodging and other symptoms; excessive application of potassium fertilizer will cause some of the land's harmful metals and harmful bacteria to exceed the standard, destroying the nutrient structure and balance in the soil, resulting in deterioration of soil properties, And water pollution; excessive application of potassium fertilizer will also reduce the production of crops, severely weaken the production capacity of crops and reduce production. (Organic Agrochemicals)
This article URL: What are the hazards of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on crop soils?
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