First, select fertilizer type
Fertilize according to the type of vegetables. Cabbage vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and greens require more nitrogen, and quick-acting high-nitrogen compound fertilizers should be used; radishes, potatoes, and other root vegetables should be re-applied with high-potassium fertilizers; cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, and other melons. Fruit vegetables, in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potash fertilizer demand is also larger, base fertilizer should use nutrient balanced compound fertilizer, and apply organic fertilizer.
Reuse organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizers can not only improve soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics, ripen the soil, fertility and fertility, improve the quality of products, reduce the content of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables, increase the content of vitamin C, and increase the sugar content of fruits and melons. In addition, when organic fertilizers are decomposed and used, they can generate carbon dioxide, accumulate in greenhouses, increase the use of "gas fertilizers," and increase the photosynthesis of vegetables and increase the production of vegetables. However, in order to prevent ammonia and nitrous acid poisoning and the spread of germs, the application of organic fertilizer must be decomposed, especially chicken manure, requiring a high degree of maturity and should be applied in advance.
Second, determine the amount of economic fertilizer
To determine the amount of economic fertilizer to meet the demand of vegetables, it should be calculated based on the level of vegetable production and soil fertility. If the soil nutrient supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can meet the needs of crops, in order to ensure the intensity of fertilizer supply, the amount of fertilizer shall be calculated as 20%-40% of the amount of crops carried. At present, under the level of fertility, nitrogen control, phosphorus reduction and potassium stabilization should be adopted, and targeted fertilizer application should be the principle of fertilization.
When determining fertilization, the length of the crop's growth period and the harvested area should be considered. For a vegetable with a short growing period or harvested with roots, stems and leaves, 1/2-1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer, total phosphorus, potassium, and trace fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, and 1/2- to 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer is used as Top dressing application. For fruits and vegetables, 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer, 2/3 phosphorus potassium fertilizer and all trace fertilizers can be used as basal fertilizers. In addition, 2/3 of nitrogen fertilizer and 1/3 of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used as top dressing in different stages of vegetative and reproductive growth.
Third, select fertilizer types
Chlorine-based fertilizers, such as potassium chloride and ammonium chloride, are not generally suitable. Chloride ions can reduce the starch content of vegetables and deteriorate the quality. Residues in the soil can cause soil compaction. It is not advisable to use volatile nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate and other nitrogen fertilizers. If used, it is best to apply the ditch to deep layers of the soil. Magnesium sulphate and ferric sulfate fertilizers should be used less, because sulfate ions are not easily absorbed by vegetables and remain in the soil, thus impairing the growth of vegetables. For fertilizers that are easily soluble in water, they are better when applied to the field with irrigation water. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, borax, and rare-earth microelement fertilizers can be sprayed on the foliar surface in the manner of extra-root fertilizer, but the best spraying period and spray concentration should be mastered.
Fourth, a reasonable method of fertilization
The basal fertilizer is best applied one week before the colonization of vegetables and should be mixed well with the soil. Fertilizer can be planted 7-10 cm away from the plant ditch or hole chase, top dressing in time after the cover soil, water, do not sprinkle fertilizer directly on the ground or plants, so as not to volatilize fertilizer or burn vegetable seedlings. The top-dressing fertilizer should be in the peak period of vegetables need fertilizer and the late growth period of vegetables. It is best to choose to do it on cloudy days or evenings. Spray the fertilizer solution on the back of new leaves and leaves as much as possible to facilitate the absorption of vegetables.
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