Early spring carrot cultivation technology
1, variety selection
In the early spring cultivation of carrots, it is necessary to select varieties with shorter growth period, stronger cold resistance, and less twitching in spring cultivation. After many years of trials by technicians of Yongqing Vegetable Administration, it is found that the main varieties with strong adaptability are South Korea's "New Blackfield 5-inch Ginseng", "Spring and Autumn Three Red Five-inch Ginseng" and "Super Red Crown".
2. The sowing date is determined
According to the experience of production, the minimum temperature for germination of carrots is 7 degrees, and the suitable temperature for cartilage root enlargement is 18 to 25 °C. The suitable sowing date of spring radish in Langfang area can be planted from late February to early March (small arch shed cover cultivation), from mid-late March to early April (not covered by small arch shed). If the planting is too early, it is prone to early convulsions. If the planting is too late, it will encounter the summer rain period in the late growth stage. If the drainage is poor, the carrot roots will cause the dead seedlings.
3, plot selection
Because the carrot fleshy roots are deep into the soil, the soil with loose soil, deep soil layer, good irrigation and drainage, and organic soil-rich sandy loam or loam for carrot cultivation can obtain higher yield. If the arable layer is too shallow, or there are more ridges, the fleshy roots are easy to bend, short, more forked, and the commodity rate is lower. Therefore, the soil is required to be deeply ploughed by 30 to 50 centimeters, and combined with deep tillage, the base fertilizer is applied, and 667 to 5,000 kilograms of high-quality rotted fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters, 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 15 kilograms of urea.
4, preparation before the broadcast
In order to promote early germination and emergence, soaking seeds and germination should be carried out before sowing. The method is to soak seeds in warm water of 30-35 ° C for 3 to 4 hours. After the fish is removed, moisturize with a wet towel or bag, and germination is carried out at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. ～4 days, stir and rinse regularly. After 80%～90% of the seeds are white, they can be mixed with wet sand for sowing. You can mix some sand with appropriate so that the seeds can be evenly distributed.
5, sowing
There are two ways of cultivation: ridges, shovel, and shovel. The ridge ridge is a bit well-drained, the carrots produced are good in commodity quality, and the yield is high; the disadvantage is that the operation is cumbersome and inconvenient to mechanize. Generally, in the case of better fertilizer and water conditions, the row spacing of the carrots planted in the flat hoe is 10 cm 10 cm or 12 cm 12 cm; the ridge cultivating ridge distance is 6 cm, the ridge width is 6 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm. The cover soil is about 1.5 cm thick. The upper part of the seed should be shredded. After sowing, the surface is gently pressed to make the seeds and soil closely combined. On the day of sowing or the next day, 50% of the 667 square meters was sprayed with 50% of the grass, and 75 kilograms of water was sprayed to the surface. The herbicidal effect was better. Spring sowing radish is covered with a layer of mulch (or small arch shed) on the surface to achieve the effect of warming and protecting the mites, and also prevent the rain from causing soil compaction to cause emergence difficulties.
6, post-production management
After sowing, keep the soil moist, create conditions conducive to seed germination and emergence, spring radish seedlings must be carried out between seedlings and cultivating, generally should be carried out 2 to 3 times of seedlings, the first time in 1 to 2 true leaves, remove Inferior seedlings, weak seedlings and over-milk seedlings; the second time in 3 to 4 true leaves, the seedlings are fixed after the seedlings, the seedlings are 10 cm apart, and the row spacing is 10 to 12 cm. When seeing the seedlings, it is best to use the method of breaking the seedlings to prevent loosening of the soil during the seedlings, causing root damage, causing dead seedlings and fork roots, affecting yield and quality.
In the vigorous growth period of the upper part of the ground, it is necessary to properly control the water, and carry out the cultivating seedlings to prevent the growth of the fleshy roots due to the length of the seedlings. The succulent root enlargement period is the fastest period of carrot growth, and it is also the period with the most demand for water. It is necessary to fully replenish water, and watering is best done in the morning and evening. Carrots like phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, should not be applied too much nitrogen fertilizer, generally topdressing 2 to 3 times in the growing season. The first time is carried out 5 to 7 days after the seedling is fixed, combined with watering, 3 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, 3 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, or 500 kg of human urine. The second or third fat is applied every 20 days or so. Carrots are drought-tolerant, and they are rarely re-watered except when they are mixed with top dressing. In the cultivation, try to prevent the occurrence of inferior roots:
(1) Cracked root refers to the cracking of fleshy roots, which is difficult to store and transport. The reason is that the soil moisture supply is uneven, suddenly dry and wet, or continuous cloudy, sudden downpours; the skin is damaged (freezing damage, phytotoxicity, pests, etc.). Prevention method: During the expansion of the fleshy roots, attention must be paid to uniform water supply and timely prevention and control of underground pests.
(2) The heart is also called hollow, which means that the center of the fleshy root is dry and dehydrated, which seriously affects the quality of food. The reason is that the water supply is uneven before and after the growing season, such as pre-wet and late drought; heavy nitrogen fertilizer; early convulsion; caused by high temperature drying during storage and transportation. Prevention method: pay attention to balanced water supply before and after; balance fertilization; choose spring planting varieties; create suitable storage environment.
(3) The root of the radish is abnormally enlarged and forms a bifurcated fleshy root. The reason is that the radicle is destroyed when the seeds are germinated; the soil has hard objects, the plough layer is shallow, the soil is sticky, and the growth of the fleshy roots is hindered; the unevenness during fertilization, or the fertilizer is not completely decomposed, causing damage to the main root; During management, weeding or cultivating damage the root tip. Prevention methods: Fine soil preparation, removing hard objects such as stones and bricks; choose not to plant soil that is too heavy; try to deepen the cultivated land; apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer to avoid burning roots; Damage the roots.
7. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
In early spring, there are fewer pests and diseases of carrots. It is observed that there are basically no other pests and diseases except for the damage caused by seedlings. The cockroach can be used as a poison bait with trichlorfon, phoxim and wheat bran, and it is sprinkled in the field before the evening.
8, harvesting
Early spring carrots are harvested from harvesting for about 90 days, generally harvested from the end of June to the beginning of July. When mature, the leaves no longer grow, no new leaves, and the lower leaves turn yellow. Premature and late harvesting will affect the commercial traits of carrots and thus affect yield. If you are not in a hurry to market, you can store the carrots in a cool, ventilated place at 0~3°C to extend the time to market.
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