1. Selection of micro-irrigation and fertilization system According to water source, topography, planting area and crop type, different micro-irrigation and fertilization systems are selected. The cultivation of protected land, the cultivation of open-spotted vegetables, and the cultivation of economic crops in the field generally require drip fertigation systems, and the fertilization device generally selects a fertiliser, a differential pressure fertilization tank or a fertilizer pump. The orchard generally chooses the micro-spraying fertilization system, and the fertilizing device generally selects the fertilizer pump. If there are conditions, the automatic fertigation system can be selected.
2. Develop a micro-irrigation fertilization program
(1) Determination of the micro-irrigation system The irrigation quota is determined according to the water requirement of the crop plant and the precipitation of the crop growth period. The irrigation quota for micro-irrigation and fertilization in open field should be reduced by 50% compared with flood irrigation, and the irrigation quota for drip irrigation should be reduced by 30%-40% compared with greenhouse irrigation. After the irrigation quota is determined, the irrigation period, the number of times, and the amount of irrigation each time are determined according to the water requirement law of the crop, the precipitation situation and the soil moisture.
(2) Determination of fertilization system There are significant differences between micro-fertilization and traditional fertilization techniques. A reasonable micro-irrigation fertilization system should first determine the total fertilization amount, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the ratio of bottom and top dressing according to the fertilizer requirement of the crop, the fertility level of the plot and the target yield. The fertilizer used as the base fertilizer is applied before the preparation of the soil, and the top dressing is determined according to the fertilizer characteristics of different crop growth stages. The implementation of micro-irrigation and fertilization technology can increase the fertilizer utilization rate by 40%~50%, so the amount of fertilizer used for micro-irrigation is 50%-60% of conventional fertilization. Taking the facility cultivation tomato as an example, the target yield is 10,000 kg/mu, and the absorption of N: 3.18 kg, P2O5: 0.74 kg, K2O: 4.83 kg per 1000 kg of tomato produced, the total nutrient demand is N: 31.8 kg, P2O5: 7.4 Kg, K2O: 48.3 kg; nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of 57%-65% in the cultivation conditions, 35%-42% of phosphate fertilizer, 70%-80% of potash fertilizer; the above-mentioned yield should be applied to N: 53.12 kg, P2O5 : 18.5 kg, K2O: 60.38 kg, total 132 kg (not calculated soil nutrient content). Based on the nutritional characteristics of tomato, the fertilization plan for each growth period of tomato was formulated.
(3) Selection of fertilizers The application of the base fertilizer in the micro-irrigation and fertilization system is the same as that of traditional fertilization, and may include various organic fertilizers and various fertilizers. However, the fertilizer type of micro-irrigation and topdressing must be soluble fertilizer. Urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers that meet national or industrial standards have higher purity, less impurities, and do not precipitate after being dissolved in water. top dressing. Supplemental phosphorus is generally used as a top dressing with soluble fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Topdressing supplements with trace element fertilizers can generally not be used simultaneously with phosphorus topdressing to avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate precipitates and block the dripper or nozzle.
3. Supporting technology implementation of water and fertilizer integration technology should be applied to the application of improved crop varieties, pest control and field management techniques, and can also be adapted to crops, using plastic film covering technology to form drip irrigation under the film, and fully exerting the advantages of water saving and fertilizer saving. Improve crop yields, improve crop quality, and increase efficiency.
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Polysaccharide is a polymeric carbohydrate composed of more than 10 monosaccharides and sugar chains bound by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides composed of the same monosaccharides are called homopolysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose and glycogen; Polysaccharides composed of different monosaccharides are called heteropolysaccharides. For example, gum Arabic is composed of pentose and galactose. Polysaccharide is not a pure chemical substance, but a mixture of substances with different degrees of polymerization. Polysaccharides are generally insoluble in water, have no sweetness, can not form crystals, and have no reducibility and rotation change. Polysaccharides are also glycosides, so they can be hydrolyzed. In the hydrolysis process, a series of intermediate products are often produced, and finally monosaccharides are obtained by complete hydrolysis.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is a secondary metabolite of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, which exists in the mycelium and fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.
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