First, what is the H7N9 epidemic?
The H7N9 outbreak was caused by the H7N9 virus. Since the first case of human infection with H7N9 in East China in 2013, seasonal epidemics have occurred in winter and spring each year.
2. What are the main clinical manifestations of H7N9 cases?
The incubation period of H7N9 cases is generally more than 7 days or up to 10 days. Pneumonia is the main clinical manifestation, patients often have fever, cough, sputum, may be associated with headache, muscle aches, diarrhea or vomiting and other symptoms. Severe disease patients develop rapidly, with severe pneumonia occurring 3-7 days after onset, and most of the body temperature persists above 39°C. Dyspnea may occur and may be accompanied by hemoptysis. Rapidly progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A small number of patients may be mild and only show symptoms of fever with upper respiratory tract infections. There is no specific manifestation of early onset of H7N9 cases. Early diagnosis and early management are difficult. The severe cases in the later stage have poor therapeutic effect and high mortality. The overall case fatality rate of the currently reported cases is about 40%.
Third, H7N9 virus through what channels?
The most important risk factor that causes human infection with the H7N9 virus is an environment that is directly or indirectly exposed to infected live poultry or infected poultry. At present, most cases of H7N9 cases diagnosed in China are exposed or exposed to live poultry before the onset of disease, and the proportion of H7N9 exposed to live poultry markets is mostly high. There is no evidence that the H7N9 virus can be transmitted to humans through properly handled poultry or poultry eggs. In addition, eating cooked food will not be infected with the H7N9 virus.
Surveillance showed that although there were occasional cases of local clustering (each case of 2-3 cases with no recurrences), there was no evidence that the H7N9 virus could continue to "pass human".
Fourth, who is the H7N9 virus high-risk population?
The monitoring showed that the most recently reported cases of H7N9 were mainly retirees, housework, unemployed people and rural people; the majority were middle-aged and elderly people; most cases had basic diseases; most of the cases had come into contact with live birds or had been There are markets where live poultry are sold; elderly people and people with underlying diseases are more likely to have severe illness and death after the onset of infection.
In addition, people who engage in non-scale and non-standardized poultry breeding, trafficking, slaughter, etc., have more exposure to infected poultry and are at higher risk of infection.
5. Is there a vaccine that can prevent the disease? Can a seasonal flu vaccine prevent H7N9?
There are currently no vaccines available to prevent the H7N9 virus infection. Seasonal flu vaccine does not prevent H7N9 flu, but seasonal flu vaccination can help reduce serious complications and hospitalization due to seasonal flu.
How can we reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths of H7N9?
At present, for H7N9 cases, the main anti-virus and symptomatic treatment. To reduce the occurrence of severe cases and deaths of H7N9, it is very important to have early treatment and early treatment. In particular, the use of antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), is best used as early as possible after onset. Therefore, it is recommended that in the high season and high incidence areas, if fever and respiratory symptoms occur, masks should be worn, as soon as possible to a regular medical institution for diagnosis and treatment, and to tell the doctor before the onset of possible poultry contact, and poultry environmental exposure, such as whether to live The poultry market, where to travel recently, etc.
Medical staff integrated the patient's clinical manifestations and suspicious exposure history, suspected of being infected with the H7N9 virus, antiviral drugs should be used as soon as possible, without waiting for the etiological test results, in order to reduce the possibility of progression to severe disease.
7. Will the current epidemic worsen?
According to the epidemic law of the past epidemics, the annual incidence of the disease after the Spring Festival will show a significant decline, and it will show a low level of prevalence until late April. At present, the rising trend of the epidemic has been curbed, and recent major epidemic provinces have adopted more stringent control measures for the live poultry business market and live-bird trade. It is believed that this will play a good role in controlling the further development of the epidemic.
Eight, can the birds still eat now?
Poultry is a good source of food protein for the human body and it is cheap and good. Chickens, ducks and other poultry can certainly be bought or eaten, but they must be eaten safely.
One is to pay attention to avoid purchasing live poultry, direct contact with live poultry, and killing live poultry. It is necessary to try to buy and eat cold and fresh poultry, chilled poultry and their products with quarantine certificates. Especially in areas where the H7N9 outbreak has been found, do not buy live birds. Scientific analysis proves that concentrated cold-fresh poultry and chilled poultry slaughtered not only have the same nutritional value as slaughtered live poultry, but also can greatly reduce the risk of infections such as H7N9.
Second, live poultry must not be purchased from mobile vendors, nor should live poultry purchased from live poultry markets or mobile vendors be polycultured with their own domestic poultry. The survey found that in some areas that have already closed the main urban market live poultry market, H7N9 cases have appeared in the suburban suburbs and rural areas in the near future. The vast majority are due to the purchase of live poultry from mobile vendors or the consumption of exotic birds and poultry. Polyculture causes exposed infections.
The third is to remind the elderly population, especially those who have basic diseases such as chronic lung disease, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, and people with poor physique, to avoid or reduce contact with live poultry when buying poultry products. Less to live birds.
Nine, expert advice on prevention and control.
1. Try to avoid contact with live birds, not to contact sick or dead birds. Avoid unnecessary contact with live chickens, ducks and other birds, especially with sick or dead birds. If you do not go to the live poultry market or move stalls to purchase live poultry for consumption or go home for feeding, in the areas where live bird trade is prohibited, mobile vendors selling live poultry are found to report in time.
2. Choose to buy cold fresh and chilled poultry products. After infection with the H7N9 virus in poultry, it does not generally appear as morbid or dead. Therefore, a bird that looks healthy on the surface does not mean that it is safe. Contact with live poultry or exposure to a live poultry environment, especially if live poultry is purchased in areas with outbreaks, will greatly increase the risk of contracting the H7N9 virus. Efforts should be made to change the habit of purchasing and consuming live poultry, selecting a regular supermarket or farmers' market, and purchasing chilled fresh and chilled poultry that are confirmed to be safe by the formal sector quarantine, which can greatly reduce the risk of H7N9 virus infection.
3. Separate raw and cooked, cooked thoroughly. When cooking, cooking must be done separately. Chickens, ducks and other poultry meat and meat products as well as poultry eggs must be cooked and cooked before cooking.
4. Personal protection should be provided for contact with live poultry. When engaging in the poultry breeding, transportation, sales, slaughter and other industries, personnel in the contact with poultry should do personal protection (wearing gloves, masks, overalls). After contact, pay attention to clean hands thoroughly with disinfectant and water. Encourage the development of large-scale and standardized livestock and poultry breeding, strengthen biosafety protection measures, and strictly manage and reduce the chance of H7N9 and other viruses invading. Rural poultry and livestock breeding must be relatively isolated from the living environment to avoid the polyculture of different livestock, nor to polyculture of foreign and domestic poultry. The sick and dead poultry shall be promptly reported to the animal health supervision agency for proper handling.
5. Get medical attention in time. If you have fever, headache, nasal congestion, cough, general malaise and other symptoms, you should wear a mask, go to the hospital as soon as possible, and take the initiative to tell the doctor whether he had contact with birds and their secretions before the onset, excrement, have been to the live poultry market Such conditions allow doctors to make timely and accurate diagnosis and give targeted treatment.
6. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, cover your nose and mouth when you cough and sneeze, and drink raw water. Living and living environment should pay attention to moderate ventilation. Pay attention to diet and nutrition, ensure adequate sleep, strengthen physical activity, enhance physical fitness, and improve immunity.
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