Songhuacai is popular among people because of its long buds, thin flower layer and loose shape when the flower ball is fully expanded. The name of Songhua is sweet and crisp, which is better than ordinary white cauliflower.
When planting Songhua in autumn, it is easy to occur in the continuous high temperature growth environment, such as the early ball, the flower ball, the hair, etc., which affect the appearance and food quality of the product. Therefore, choose the good variety and the appropriate sowing date, and take effective Field management measures are very important. Here is a brief introduction to the cultivation and management measures of Songhua in high temperature environment.
1 variety selection
Choose early-maturing, heat-resistant, and resistant varieties, such as Taiwanese farmer FJ-1068, harvested about 65 days after transplanting; FJ-2088 harvested about 80 days after transplanting.
2 seeding options
According to years of planting experience, it is more suitable for sowing seedlings on July 10th to 25th, and transplanting seedlings for about 25 days.
3 cultivation points
3.1 Nursery
The 70-well plug tray is used, and the seedling substrate is used for the special substrate of the farmer (which has been disinfected), and the seeding depth is about 1 cm. After sowing, the soil is covered and the water is poured. Because the seedling period is in the high temperature season, it is necessary to cool the seedbed and cover such as wet straw. After the emergence, the sunshade net arch shed is needed to prevent sunlight from burning. At 9:00 on a sunny day, the net is opened at 17:00, and the plastic film is covered in case of heavy rain. The sunshade net was re-opened 5 days before transplanting.
3.2 Land preparation
Choose sand or loam fields that are convenient for irrigation and drainage in fertilizer water. 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per 667 m2, deep tillage and deep turn for 30 cm high, 100 cm wide, 50 cm wide, double row planting .
3.3 Planting density
Due to the strong growth of the flowering cauliflower and the high degree of plant development, the planting density is generally 1,500 plants/667 m2, and the plant spacing is 75 cm×60 cm.
3.4 transplanting
In case of fine weather, transplanting should be carried out after 15:00. After planting, water the roots and cover the fine soil; the cloudy days can be transplanted all day. In the case of continuous sunny days after planting, the soil moisture can be poured 2 or 3 times in the morning or evening to promote the plant roots and slow seedlings.
3.5 Pest Control
The early growth period of autumn flowering cauliflower is in the high temperature season, and the pests occur more seriously, mainly including Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and Yellow-striped Flea. The noctuids are highly effective and low-toxic pesticides such as avermectin and Bt. Prevention and treatment, Huangqu strips are controlled by acetamiprid and scorpion; the main diseases are downy mildew, black rot, etc. The former is treated with frost urea, manganese zinc, nail cream and copper, and the latter is sprayed with agricultural streptomycin. , copper amide, etc. for prevention and control.
3.6 flower ball cover
In the expansion period of the flower ball, if the light is strong and the temperature is high, the flower ball will be yellow and rough and aging. In the middle and late stage of the flower ball expansion, 2 to 3 leaves will be covered around the flower ball to keep the flower ball white and bright.
3.7 Spraying boron fertilizer
In order to prevent boron deficiency and browning in the late flowering ball, spray the boron fertilizer 1~2 times before the bud of Songhua.
4 timely harvest
The flower ball is fully mature, and the small flowering branches are harvested when the edge is loose. Leave 3 to 4 leaflets to protect the flower ball. Wrap the flower ball with soft paper or special foam net before packing to avoid the abrasion and affect the commodity.
5 Summary
Through the above management measures, even in the high temperature and dry climate, the Songhua variety FJ-1068 can still obtain higher yield and excellent quality, and the majority of farmers get the desired benefits.
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