Sweet potato stem nematode disease is commonly known as "heart disease" and "empty scorpion disease". It is a dangerous and devastating disease. It mainly infests seedlings and stems, which is harmful to the potato, causing stems and quick roots to develop poorly, short and deformed. Severe plots of plants are yellow and dead, and the melons rot quickly, causing severe reductions in production.
First, the occurrence of a hazard
The mountainous area has a large area and is suitable for planting sweet potato. The annual planting area is 10,000-12,000 hectares, accounting for one-third of the county's grain crop planting area. Due to years of planting, combined with the adjustment of potato seedlings and the development of starch processing industry, the disease spread in our county. By 1994, it was common in the whole county. The land damaged by stem nematodes generally reduced production by 1-2%, and the heavy ones reached more than 80%, which seriously threatened the production of sweet potato in our county. For this reason, we conducted prevention and control experiments and found a set. Comprehensive prevention and control technology, the effect is very significant.
Second, the route of transmission
The disease mainly relies on seedlings, seed potatoes, soil, fertilizers and other means to spread. Seedlings with diseased seedlings and potato stalks with stem nematode disease are the main routes for long-distance transmission.
Third, prevention measures
1. Strengthen quarantine. Do not adjust the potato from the infected areas with sweet potato stem nematode disease, buy seedlings, and strictly quarantine the potato seedlings transferred into and out.
2. Establish a disease-free seeding place. The disease-free plots of sweet potato have not been planted for many years, planting disease-free seedlings, planting seedlings, breeding starch-type detoxified Xushu 18 and fresh-type detoxification Beijing 553 disease-free seed potatoes.
3. Choose resistant varieties. Resistance to stem nematode large differences among varieties, intensive plots should be planted disease-resistant Jishu 10, Lushu 3.
4, chemical control.
(1) Chemical treatment of seedbeds. On the basis of the selection of disease-free seed potatoes, soaking seeds with 50-55 ° C warm water for 10 minutes during seedling can kill the nematodes 7 mm deep under the epidermis of the seed potatoes. The seedling bed was applied twice during the seedling stage. When the first time was on the potato, the second time after the second seedlings were extracted, 5% of the alfalfa granules were used, and 40-50 grams per square meter of fine soil was mixed. after even thrown into the bed, and then with 40% water or methyl isofenphos 400 times pouring. Due to the high number of stem nematodes at the base of the seedlings, high seedlings can be used for planting the seedlings, and then the base of the seedlings is immersed in the base of the seedlings with 40% methyl isoflavin 200 times for 30 minutes.
(2) field chemical control. Stem nematodes for the control of soil against seedling disease, aldicarb must fertilizing at planting to prevent and treat Shihai, (1 acre) 1/15 1-2 kg per hectare, i.e. planing hole by planting density, planting, watering , spraying, casing, or 15 ha per kilogram of 0.5-1 isofenphos irrigated with 40% methyl hole.
5, rotation Huancha, prevent soil-borne. In the severely affected plots, combined with the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure to replant wheat, millet, cotton and other crops, for 3-4 years of rotation, can effectively reduce the amount of insects in the field.
6, timely harvest, safe storage. Daejeon should be planed early to reduce the hazard. Stay in the field before the frost, choose the sunny day to collect the planer, choose the disease-free, non-injured seed potato, and store it on the same day.
7, clean the countryside. After the sweet potato is harvested, the diseased roots are removed immediately, the diseased bodies are completely removed, and the destruction is concentrated to reduce the source of the insects. Do not discard or use it to control the fertilizer, or use the soil gasket.
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