Release date: 2016-10-27
3D bioprinting organs and human tissue implants are wonderful, but it's just a broader area – part of tissue regeneration – the most visible frontier for medical research today, with the goal of making damaged tissue Organs and bones grow again. Recently, a research team from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands and the University of Delft University (TU Delft) has achieved a very important breakthrough in the path of bone regeneration. They successfully printed a self-folding in 3D. A smart implant of properties that promotes the regeneration of bone cells. 
The research has been published on the cover of Materials Horizons, entitled "Programming the shape-shifting of flat soft matter: from self-rolling/self-twisting materials to self-folding origam" by S. Janbaz, R. Hedayati and AA Zadpoor. They disclosed that this breakthrough can be used in a variety of medical implants currently in use.
According to Dr. Amir Zadpoor, fully regenerative functional tissue is the holy grail of tissue engineering and can revolutionize the treatment of many current difficult conditions. But effective regeneration methods require multifunctional biomaterials that promote cell growth, and this is the focus of this Maastrict University and TU Delft joint project. “In an ideal world, the optimization of biomaterials should include not only its 3D structure, but also the nanostructures of its surface,†he explains.
It is understood that due to the limitations of the surface of the object, 3D printing technology was not the primary choice of researchers. “3D printing technology allows us to create very complex 3D structures, but due to its own characteristics, it is very limited in its ability to build on the surface of objects. Nanolithography can generate very complex surface nanostructures, but generally Limited to flat surfaces,†Zadpoor ​​said. “There is no way to combine any complex 3D structure with any complex surface nanostructure.â€
 
In order to achieve breakthroughs in their research on intelligent implants, scientists have drawn inspiration from ancient origami art. Because the perfectly flat surface is well suited for 3D printing, Zadpoor ​​programmatically sets these 3D printed materials to begin to fold into a particular structure when exposed to certain temperatures.
That is, scientists first print complex nanostructures on a flat surface in 3D and then fold the 2D surface into a pre-set 3D structure under certain conditions, such as when exposed to high temperatures in the human body. “Nature uses a variety of activation mechanisms to circulate complex transformations of the function and shape of living organisms. Inspired by similar natural phenomena, our team first developed a planar (2D) programmable material. When subjected to certain stimuli (such as temperature changes), you can transform yourself into a complex 3D geometry,†Zadpoor ​​explained.
Specifically, scientists use two-layer and multi-layer shape memory polymers and superelastic polymer 3D to print these transformable shapes. With four different shape-conversion modes (self-rolling, self-distorting, and composite self-rolling and self-distorting), they can adjust themselves to fit anywhere in the human body and support the development of cellular materials. These patterns can be integrated into the 2D structure and then activated to obtain self-distorting DNA- like structures, self-organizing fibers, and the like.
Although this technology is currently not available for clinical testing, it has been an important step in the direction of 3D printed bioimplants that promote cell regeneration.
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Source: Tiangongshe
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