Recently, the temperature of the city is relatively high, and the temperature difference between day and night is relatively large. The number of outpatients in the guts of many hospitals such as the Third Central Hospital, the Municipal People's Hospital, the First Central Hospital of the City, and the Second Hospital of the Medical University has increased rapidly from the previous month. Diarrhea is the most common disease in summer. According to the statistics of previous years, the outpatient visit rate of intestinal diarrhea in this city began to increase from May of each year, rose rapidly after mid-June, reached the highest peak of the year in 7, 8, and 9 months. 10 It gradually decreases after the month. At present, all major hospitals in the city have set up gut clinics and are available 24 hours a day. Experts from the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Third Central Hospital of the city stated that with the increase in temperature recently, the city has entered a high season of infectious intestinal diseases, and the incidence of common intestinal infectious diseases such as bacterial dysentery and infectious diarrhea has begun to increase. The statutory epidemic situation released by the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission also showed that the top three diseases reported since May were other infectious diarrheal diseases, hand-foot-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis. The difference from previous years is that Norovirus, which has been highly prevalent from October to March of the following year, originally fell after entering the summer, but the number of cases of infectious diarrhea caused by the recent onset of Norovirus has increased.
Experts reminded the public that summer diarrhea is mainly caused by infectious diarrhea, mainly due to poor hygiene habits, unclean eating, or consumption of spoilage foods. Infectious diarrhea pathogens can enter the digestive tract with a contaminated diet or water, but can also be transmitted to others through contaminated daily necessities, tools, etc. Therefore, the most convenient way to prevent diarrhea in the summer is to control the mouth washing and prevent “disease from "Immediately start from the beginning." At the same time pay attention to food hygiene, especially do not eat leftovers and too soft peaches, bananas and other fruits. Once onset, more than 4 diarrheas per day should be brought to the hospital for medical attention, and the elderly and children should be treated promptly.
Most patients are infected with bacteria and viruses
Norovirus increases in off-season incidence
According to reports, more than half of infectious diarrhea in the recent past is caused by bacteria, and more than 80% of them are dysentery and enteritis. In general, the onset of illness may be acute or mild, with only mild loss of appetite, occasional vomiting, increased stool frequency, and altered gastrointestinal symptoms; moderate-to-severe stools occur more than ten times a day, or even dozens of times. The stool is watery. Samples, pastes, mucous, some pus bloody, at the same time there may be more obvious dehydration, acidosis and hypokalemia.
It is worth noting that there has been an increase in diarrhea caused by recent viral infections, which is different from the situation in previous years. According to Li Jiameng, deputy chief physician of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention of infectious diseases, rotavirus and norovirus are important infectious viruses that cause diarrhea. Rotavirus is the major infectious agent of diarrhea in the autumn, not only through infection but also through the respiratory tract. Norovirus is a high incidence in October from October to the following year. The recent increase in the number of noroviruses in the city is mainly due to viral mutations and high rates in neighboring provinces and cities. Overall, there has been no high-profile situation. Norovirus is a virus that can cause acute gastroenteritis. The virus spreads quickly, and the symptoms are mild. The child is mainly vomiting. The adult is mainly diarrhea. Some people are accompanied by fever. Usually two to three days can be self-healing. The public need not worry too much. However, the virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through water sources, articles, food and air. It is easy to be widespread in communities, schools, restaurants, hospitals, and nurseries. It needs to attract people's attention. Once someone has symptoms, they must seek medical attention. To avoid sickness going to work. Schools and childcare institutions must report to the disease control agencies in their jurisdictions after the occurrence of the disease, and implement prevention and control measures such as case isolation, disinfection, and health promotion.
Do not refrain from eating diarrhea
Older children should seek medical treatment as soon as possible
Chief physician Jiang Suwen, the emergency department at the Third Central Hospital in the city, said that many people have misunderstandings about the treatment of diarrhea. The first is fasting. Many people mistakenly believe that the gastrointestinal function of diarrhea is weak and eating will increase the burden and make the stomach "empty enough." In fact, even the moderately severe patients such as cholera, dysentery and viral enteritis can still retain 60% to 80% of their intestinal absorption capacity, and the state of starvation will increase intestinal peristalsis and secretion of intestinal digestive fluid to increase diarrhea and cause nutrients in the body. Lack of delay repair of intestinal lesions. For the elderly and children, fasting is more harmful and children can suffer malnutrition or stagnation. The elderly will experience hypoglycemia and may even induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents that are life-threatening.
Followed by the abuse of antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs. Most diarrhea patients who came to the hospital had taken various drugs including antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs before going to the hospital. Actually, not every patient with diarrhea needs antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs. Infectious diarrhea is divided into bacterial and viral, and there are different options for medication. Antibiotics are effective only for bacterial diarrhea, but they are not effective for viral diarrhea and toxic, allergic diarrhea, as well as functional diarrhea caused by indigestion, coldness and fatigue, but may lead to increased resistance to bacteria and dysbacteriosis. diarrhea. Antidiarrheal medicines are also only suitable for non-infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery and other infectious diarrhea, it should be spilled out, because it is a process of bacterial toxins excreted, during which must pay attention to add water to avoid dehydration.
Jiang Suwen suggested that in the summer when diarrhea occurs, he can go to the hospital to do a routine check for a clear cause and take medication under the guidance of a doctor. It is recommended that young people have diarrhea three to four times a day in time to the hospital. Elderly people and children should seek medical advice as soon as possible. Once diarrhea from diabetes is prone to cause complications such as ketoacidosis, it must be treated promptly.
Oral rehydration should be started early in diarrhea
Wash hands properly to prevent disease from entering the mouth
"In the treatment of diarrhea, in addition to timely medical treatment, in the early days of diarrhea to give patients oral rehydration, prevention of diarrhea dehydration is also an important part of treatment of diarrhea." Jiang Suwen said, "There are many patients in clinical practice are very severe diarrhea dehydration To seek treatment, most of the patients have electrolyte disturbances, which cause great difficulties in the treatment. The specific practice of oral rehydration to prevent diarrhea dehydration is as follows: In 500 ml of boiling water or rice soup, add 20 grams of sugar and 1.75 grams of salt, do Take oral rehydration solution and drink it from the beginning of diarrhea. Less than two-year-old children after each diarrhea can be added to 50 to 100 ml, the daily intake of not less than 500 ml; more than two-year-old, try to drink more to prevent dehydration. Adults can take normal drinking water.
Experts pointed out in particular that the onset of intestinal infectious diseases is also closely related to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene. It is imperative to shut down the “admission from the mouth†and do good personal, environmental and food hygiene. Intestinal infectious diseases are completely preventable. of. Therefore, to prevent diarrhea in the summer, we must first pay attention to hand hygiene. We must wash our hands with running water for 30 seconds. Secondly, diets should avoid eating leftovers and eating cold food should be appropriate. Raw fruits and vegetables should be washed and the conditions allowed to be peeled as far as possible.
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