Autumn and winter radish is the most important category of radish production. Shagao and Jiagang winter radish are excellent farm breeds in Nanjing. They have a long history of cultivation, high yield, good quality and resistance to storage, and are highly favored by producers and consumers.
I. Variety characteristics
1. Shagao: also known as Haizi radish, a famous local breed of Shimenkan in the suburbs of Nanjing. The plant stands upright, the plant height is 75 cm, the degree of development is 56 cm, the mosaic, green, the margins of the leaves are deeply cracked, there are fine serrations, and the petiole is dark purple. . The fleshy root is slightly curved, with 17 cm of longitudinal diameter, 6 cm of lateral diameter, approximately 1/2 of exposed soil, red skin, white flesh, and a single mass of 400 g. Medium cooked, heat-resistant, juicy, sweet, fine texture, suitable cooked food, resistant to storage.
2, folder winter radish. The famous local varieties of safflower in the suburbs of Nanjing, plant half-upright, plant height 54 cm, development degree 45.5 cm, mosaic, green, leaf margin deep, serrated, petiole purple. The fleshy root is round, with an acute tip, 8.5 cm of longitudinal diameter, 7.3 cm of horizontal diameter, 1/2 unearthed, red skin, white flesh, 500 g single root mass. Late-maturing, more heat-resistant, less water, texture, powder, sweet, resistant storage, cooking, processing.
Second, cultivation technology
1, site preparation Shiji Fei. After harvesting for the first time, deepen the cultivation. Before the planting, basal fertilizer was used, and 250,000 kg of compost were used per acre, and then a shallow plough was used. After ploughing, the hoe was smashed and smashed to make a deep ditch sorghum.
2, sowing. In the sowing period in Nanjing, the sowing period was 7 days before the summer heat, and the winter radish was caught in Liqiu. The direct seeding was sown. The sowing was too early. The seedlings encountered diseases with high temperature above 28°C and were susceptible to virus diseases. The effective accumulated temperature was too late after sowing. The area of ​​plant assimilation is small and the yield is significantly reduced. Usually 5-7 grains / hole, spacing 25 cm 25 cm, 0.5 kg sowing per acre. After sowing, the land was destroyed and covered with soil. Covered with 500 kg of seed dung per acre.
3, field management. Autumn and winter radish has a long growth period and is in a season of drought and pests in autumn. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to five tasks in management: (1) Marrowlings: The gaps are divided into 2-3 times. For the first time in true leaves, when it is 2-3 true leaves for the second time, the last time we fix seedling in 4-5 true leaves. When the seedlings should pay attention to go wrong. (2) Watering: From sowing to emergence, soil cannot be arid. Seedlings are quickly and neatly ensured. There is not much water needed in the seedling stage, and mastering "less pouring and pouring." White water before and after the appropriate control of water seedlings; from the "broken white" to "shoulderless" leaves vigorous growth, to increase the amount of water supply, but avoid excessive water, master "to send water to white water"; flesh root swelling period required The maximum amount of water should be sufficient to supply water. However, if there is too much water in the soil, the roots of the meat are susceptible to cracking or rot. Therefore, after the rain, pay attention to drainage. Gradually reduce water before harvesting, and finally stop watering. (3) Dressing: Radish fertilization should be based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, and the topdressing will be divided into 2-3 times. The first time after the seedlings were broken, there were 2 true leaves when applying light fertilizer; the second time after the seedlings, there were 4-5 true leaves when light fertilizer was applied; the third time when the radish had small finger thick, Heavy fertilizer 1 times. However, due to the long growth period of autumn and winter radish, in the long-term should be based on the growth of plants and then top dressing 1-2 times, avoiding too much concentration and too close to the root, so as not to burn roots. (4) Cultivated weeding: The first time after the seedlings should be shallow, the second time after the seedlings should be deep. (5) pest control: seedlings pay attention to the prevention of fleas and vegetables. Late attention to the control of diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillars, aphids and so on.
4, harvest. Harvesting standards are generally fully expanded in the fleshy roots, the roots of the fleshy roots have been “roundedâ€, and when the leaves turn pale and begin to turn yellow-green, they should be harvested in time. Sha Gao radish is harvested from late October to late November and harvested winter radish is harvested from early October to late October. The harvest is timely, premature growth is insufficient, yield is low, and if it is too late, it is easy to chill or freeze. The output per mu is 2000-4000 kg.
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