Many farmers recently asked whether it is reasonable to apply calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers in orchard and tea garden acid soils. Can I use superphosphate? The author's answer is that the use of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers in acid soils is correct; it is best not to use superphosphate in acid soils.
Calcium, magnesium, phosphate and superphosphate are two commonly used phosphate fertilizers. The vast majority of farmers are accustomed to using superphosphate (also known as supercalcium), while calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are not widely used, especially in acidic orchards and tea gardens in red and yellow soils. The use of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is better. Calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizer is a kind of alkaline phosphate fertilizer. It is also a multi-element fertilizer. It contains 14% to 20% of phosphorus pentoxide, 25% to 30% of calcium oxide, and 30% of silicon oxide. 15 % to 18% of magnesium oxide is best applied in slightly acidic or acidic soils. In calcareous soil application, it is difficult to dissolve because of poor fertilizer efficiency.
One of the advantages of applying calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in acidic soil is that it can neutralize soil acidity. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus fertilizers contain 14% to 20% of phosphorus, which is a slow-acting alkaline fertilizer, insoluble in water, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-hygroscopic, and not caking. It is widely used in many crops and phosphorus-deficient acidic soils. In the south, the acidification of the soil is severe. The pH value is generally 4.5 to 5. There are quite a few gardens whose pH value is only 3 points. In order to promote the growth of orchards and tea plantations, the application of physiological acid fertilizers must be controlled during fertilization to prevent the soil from becoming more acidic. At the same time, we must pay attention to improving the soil acidity, and the acid soil has a negative effect on the yield and quality of fruit and tea. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is an alkaline fertilizer. Therefore, it can neutralize the acidity of garden soil. The second is that the use of calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizers in acid soils is effective. Practice has proved that in acidic soils, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer efficiency is better than superphosphate, calcium superphosphate fertilizer effect is 100, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer efficiency is 108.6. Southern tea garden soil is mostly acidic and strong acid soil, so the effect of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is good. The third is to help increase production and improve quality. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are used in acid orchard and acid tea gardens. Because this phosphorus fertilizer contains various nutrients such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, silicon, etc., it promotes early fruit ripening, promotes fruit coloring, improves resistance, and resists storability. The role. The use of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers in tea gardens can significantly increase the content of catechin polyphenols and water extracts in tea, which is beneficial to increase the aroma of tea, and calcium and magnesium can significantly increase the catechin, theanine, vitamins in tea. A, vitamin C content. In particular, the use of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers in acidic red soils and yellow loams is more effective in improving yield and improving quality.
Methods for applying calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers in tea gardens and orchards are suitable for basal fertilizer application. If topdressing is performed at the seedling stage for dressing, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is an alkaline fertilizer, it is not appropriate to mix ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, and other fertilizers. , otherwise it will cause loss of ammonia volatilization. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer does not contain free acid, so it can be used not only as a base fertilizer but also as a base fertilizer or top dressing. Application of organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer after stacking application, with the help of microorganisms, can promote the dissolution of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, thereby increasing fertilizer efficiency. When using tea orchards and orchards as base fertilizers, they should be applied 2~3 months before planting or sowing. Ditching or digging should be applied. The depth of furrows should be 50~60cm, and 10~15cm of furrows should be loosened. After each layer of soil and fertilizer is mixed, the second layer is applied and then backfilled with mature soil. Generally, the application amount per mu is about 50 kg. The basal fertilizer is generally applied after harvesting in the orchard or after the stop of the tea plantation. In combination with the winter ploughing, it is better not to delay as soon as possible, generally 30-35 kg per mu. When applying topdressing fertilizer, a small part of the annual amount can be used for spring spring tea germination and when fruit trees begin to grow. Generally, the method of furrow application is used, and soil is covered in time after application. The use of calcium, magnesium phosphate fertilizers in winter or low temperature areas should be slightly increased. Because of its slow, long-lasting and long-lasting fertilizer effect, it can be used in alternate seasons (years) to increase fertilizer utilization.
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