The working principle of the tubular multi-effect distilled water machine:
The working principle of the tubular multi-effect distilled water machine is to obtain high-purity distilled water by multi-effect evaporation and condensation by sufficiently preheating raw material water to eliminate non-condensable gases and impurities. To ensure the quality of distilled water, the raw water must be pretreated, and the heat is fully utilized by multi-effect evaporation.
Equipment and cleaning methods for cleaning multi-effect distilled water machine:
First, the type of scale and the corresponding cleaning agent
There are two kinds of scales produced in multi-effect distilled water machines , one is boiler scale and the other is silica scale. Different cleaning agents should be used for cleaning:
1. For boiler scale, sulfamic acid (NH2SO2OH) can be used. When used, it is prepared with deionized water to make a cleaning solution with a concentration of 1%. The pH value is between 1 and 2 and heated to about 60 °C. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) can also be used. In use, it is formulated into a 2% concentration cleaning solution with deionized water and heated to about 65 °C.
2. For silica scale, ammonium difluoride (NH4HF2) can be used. When used, it is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1.5% by deionized water and heated to 50 ° C ~ 60 ° C.
It can also be prepared with sodium hydroxide + anionic active agent to prepare a cleaning solution with a concentration of 10% and heated to about 60 °C.
When the chemical cleaning method removes the above two types of scale, many users also use a commercially available general-purpose stainless steel cleaning agent, which has a good effect and is convenient to use.
Neutralization solutions are also generally required for neutralization after cleaning with an acidic solution. The preparation method of the neutralization solution is as follows:
0.5% baking soda (HaHCO3) and 0.1% anionic surfactant were added to the deionized water.
Multi-effect distilled water washing step
1, preparation work
2, cleaning
3. If there is both boiler scale and silica scale cleaning. The method is the same as above, and the same solution has been introduced before. If there is no silica scale, it can enter the neutralization stage.
4. Neutralization stage
5, the end of the operation
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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