Factor analysis
1.1 Improper management of water and fertilizer, growth physiological disorders found that improper management of water and fertilizer, resulting in vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders, is an important factor in the formation of watermelon empty, melon, deformed melon. Inappropriate management methods mainly include watering and topdressing too early, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, light vines, excessive vegetative growth, and inhibition of watermelon swelling. More, the nutrition is too dispersed, causing nutrient reflux when severe, watermelon development is incomplete. Insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, especially the lack of potassium fertilizer in the expansion period of watermelon, when the supply of some important trace elements in the soil is insufficient, it will seriously affect the normal expansion of watermelon and the normal growth of plants. In addition, the density is too large, excessive vines, incorrect pruning method, organic base fertilizer is not fully decomposed or excessive nitrogen fertilizer causes roots, rooting, etc., which will cause normal growth and development disorders, affecting the expansion of watermelon.
1.2 Temperature changes are too large, poor pollination and fertilization due to the weather, the phenomenon of not sitting or not expanding normally is also very common, especially in the early spring greenhouse or small arch shed cultivation on the surface: more prominent. The suitable temperature for the growth and development of watermelon is 15 ~ 35 ° C, 28 ~ 30 ° C best, below 15 ° C and above 40 ° C will cause birth defects. Rainfall during the flowering period, low temperature and low light, and failure to carry out artificial assisted pollination in a timely manner will directly affect the sitting melon and normal expansion. The temperature in the greenhouse suddenly changes, the temperature difference between day and night exceeds 15 °C, or the conditions in the shed are poor, the humidity is too high, the pollination and fertilization are poor, the melon vines move frequently during the field management, the hair on the surface of the young melon is shed, the roots and vines are damaged, and the nutrient transportation If it is not smooth, it will cause the watermelon to fall off or not expand properly.
1.3 The occurrence of pests and diseases is serious. If the growth and development of the pests and diseases in the field is serious, the normal growth and development of the watermelon plants will be hindered, the nutrient transport will be inhibited, and the bacteria or viruses will infect them, so that they cannot be properly inflated or damaged. Diseases such as watermelon wilt, blight, root rot, etc., destroy the normal division of the transporting tissues of plants, causing abnormal growth of plants and watermelons; diseases such as anthracnose, blight, leaf spot, etc., leaves, stems and fruits The tissue is necrotic due to infection, and it is difficult for watermelon to grow and expand normally. Watermelon melons, red spiders and other pests cause damage to the leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit juices, which hinders the nutritional supply of the plants, causing the watermelons to be deformed and unable to expand normally.
1.4 Improper sitting on the melon, the normal swelling is blocked. The position of the melon is too high or too high. It is also an important factor affecting the normal expansion of the fruit. In particular, the female flower formation ability of some varieties is weak, and it is difficult to grasp when leaving the melon, which is easy to cause. After the result is located, it will not get enough nutrients when it is swollen, and normal swelling will be blocked.
2. Countermeasures
2.1 Reasonable irrigation and fertilization to maintain growth balance Watermelon plants need more water during the whole growth and development process, but there are two water sensitive periods: one is before and after the female flower is opened, if the water is insufficient, the female flower ovary is small, and the development is poor; Excessive, it is easy to grow, and it can be poured once in the absence of water. The second is the lack of water in the expansion period of watermelon, affecting the expansion, the fruit is small, and the incidence of malformed fruit is high. Although the water requirement of watermelon plants is large, they prefer dry climatic conditions. If the drainage in the field is not smooth or the irrigation is too much, the roots will suffocate and die due to lack of oxygen. Watermelon has a large demand for nutrients. Among the three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The ratio of the three is 1:0.25:1.2. After 667 square meters, the phosphate can be applied. Diammonium 10 kg. Adding organic fertilizers and trace elements is essential for improving watermelon quality, increasing yield, and promoting normal expansion.
2.2 adjust the appropriate temperature, timely artificial pollination temperature sudden change is easy to cause falling flowers or fruit drop or affect the normal expansion of watermelon, open field production can be used melon or grass cover melon, timely turn the melon, improve the field through the environment; winter or early spring cultivation of watermelon, to strengthen the greenhouse Or the temperature and light management in the arch shed, and cover the grasshopper as needed. The temperature during the flowering period is not lower than 15 °C, and artificially assisted pollination is carried out in due course. When the watermelon begins to expand, if the nutrient growth is too strong, you can gently flatten the vine after the melon to control the prosperous, pay attention to the side branch of the watermelon not to be removed, to ensure the near transportation of nutrition, and promote the expansion of watermelon.
2.3 Strengthen disease prevention and control, ensure healthy growth of watermelon diseases, mainly seedling disease, blight, blight, disease, virus disease, powdery mildew and downy mildew. The occurrence of seedling collapse is mainly due to the high temperature of the seedbed and poor permeability. The prevention and control method is to select the higher-lying plots to raise seedlings, reduce the humidity and dilute the seedlings, use 40% formalin disinfectant before seeding, add 2 to 4 kg of sprayed seedlings per 500 ml of liquid medicine, and seal with agricultural film 4 ~ 5 days, re-seeding; 50% carbendazim powder can be mixed with dry soil at 5 g / m2 during the onset period, evenly sprinkled in the seedbed. Fusarium wilt can be prevented by grafting with gourd. For the control of blight and anthracnose, 70% thiophanate-methyl and 70% diclosan can be used. Diseases and downy mildew can be controlled with 40% ethyl phosphate and other chemicals. Powdery mildew can be controlled by powder rust. On the basis of selecting disease-resistant varieties, cockroaches, and cultivating strong seedlings, it is necessary to pay attention to eliminating sources of pollution, preventing contact infection, and preventing the main drugs from being infected with viruses and viruses. For insects such as melon and red spider, it can be controlled by pyrethroids and acaricides.
2.4 Reasonable selection of female flowers, promote the normal expansion of watermelons, melons are generally in the 12 to 15 knots, 80 to 100 cm from the melon roots. In terms of management, it is necessary to understand the strength of the female flower generation ability according to the general law of growth and the characteristics of different varieties, and to manage it in a targeted manner, especially in irrigation and fertilization, and to grasp the opportunity according to the field. Take appropriate measures to maintain the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In short, the management essentials are: strive to be fertile and strong, meet higher temperatures, ensure adequate sunshine, timely irrigation and topdressing, maintain growth balance, and strengthen pest control. These work is done well, the watermelon will be shaped, the quality is good, and the output is high.
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