"Autumn fertilization is gold, winter fertilization is silver", this is a common saying that the older generation often hears. For perennial crops such as fruit trees, there is a lot of truth in it.
Why is the soil “big complement†in the winter? For perennial crops such as fruit trees, after the growth of shoots, the growth of leaves, and the harvest of fruits, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and later growth requires a lot of nutrients to support. Some of these nutrients are derived from the soil, others are derived from late topdressing, and the autumn and winter seasons are the periods of lowest nutrient concentrations in crops and soil. Therefore, in this period, nutrients are supplemented and the absorption rate is high.
In addition, the nutrients needed for the second year of perennial crops need to be stored in autumn and winter. The amount of nutrients stored in the tree is the most critical nutrient for perennial crops in the coming year.
Winter fertilization should adhere to the principles of early, full, and deep. Winter fertilization should be early. The main problem is to solve the two problems. On the one hand, it quickly supplements the nutrients consumed in the year, and absorbs enough nutrients to meet the growth needs of the next year. On the other hand, the soil temperature of early fertilization is high, the microbial activity is high, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high.
Winter fertilization should be enough. The amount of winter fertilization requires not only a large quantity but also a full range. A large number of elements, NPK, promote high yield, medium and trace element fertilizers improve quality and reduce physiological diseases, farmer fertilizers fertilize soil and improve fruit quality, microbial fertilizers improve and purify the rhizosphere environment to improve root activity. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of various fertilizers, to develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and to achieve the purpose of high-quality and high-yield fruit trees, fertile and healthy soils, and prolonged maturity.
Winter fertilization should be deep. Because most fruit trees are deep-rooted plants, the absorption roots in the vertical direction have the characteristics of layer distribution. The concentrated distribution layers of the roots of apples, pears and other pome fruit trees are generally 20~80 cm soil layer, peach, apricot, plum, cherry. The stone fruit is 20~40 cm soil layer, which requires us to apply 80% of the fertilizer to the dense root area.
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