1 early preparation
In general, in order not only to ensure the quality and quality of Stropharia, but also not affect the growth of bamboo shoots, it is necessary to make full preparations before sowing of Stropharia giganteus to avoid insufficient preparation of raw materials, woodland, etc., and to delay cultivation time.
1.1 raw material selection and preparation
One or more types of agricultural waste such as rice straw, sawdust, bamboo shavings, bamboo leaves or bacilli are used as raw materials for bamboo cultivation of Stropharia.
Fresh and mildew-free raw materials are conducive to the cultivation of Stropharia capsula. The growth of mycelium is fast, the yield of fresh mushrooms is high, and it is not conducive to the growth of various molds and pests. Therefore, the raw materials used for bamboo cultivation of Stropharia are best preserved in the rain.
1.2 Bamboo Forest Selection
Choose a water source, the terrain is gentle, bamboo is relatively sparse, and the relatively thick soil of the bamboo forest is used for planting Stropharia, which is conducive to improving the yield and quality of Stropharia.
1.3 Cultivation season
Stropharia is a moderate-low temperature type fungus, the mycelial growth temperature is 5 °C ~ 36 °C, the optimum temperature is 24 °C ~ 26 °C; mushrooming temperature is 12 °C ~ 27 °C, the optimum temperature is 20 °C ~ 25 °C . Considering that the bamboo forest is generally high in terrain and the illumination is not strong, the planting time of the bamboo bulbous capsicum plantation should be adjusted properly. The suitable sowing time in autumn is from late September to late October. The mushrooms begin to appear in the middle and late March of the following year. Suitable sowing time in spring is mid-to-late February, and fruiting starts from April to May of that year. In order not to affect the growth of spring bamboo shoots, it is generally cultivated only in the autumn, and spring cultivation is not considered.
1.4 culture formula
According to the situation of local agricultural waste, local materials were selected, such as rice straw, bamboo leaves, bamboo shavings, and bacilli. Taking into account the cost of raw materials and the degree of difficulty in obtaining materials, and in order to ensure the normal growth and yield of Stropharia capsici mycelium, the following four formulations are recommended.
Formulation 1: 70% straw, 30% bacillary dysentery; Formula 2: 40% bamboo leaf, 40% straw, 20% bacillary dysentery; Formula 3: 60% bamboo leaf, 40% lotus leaf; Formula 4: 50% bamboo leaf, Straw 30%, Bacteria 20%.
2 sowing
2.1 Land Preparation
When making soil preparation, we should try to follow the open space in the bamboo forest to make it grow. If it does not grow, it can be cultivated in small pieces and small pieces to prevent damage to bamboo. Land preparations should be turtle-shaped so as not to affect the growth of hyphae in the forest land. Take some of the topsoil piled on the side of the plant and use it when covering the soil.
2.2 planting material sowing
According to different situations, you can choose the following two different ways
2.2.1 The culture materials are pre-wet and then sowed and soiled
Stropharia sp. strains germinating stage culture materials need to suck enough water, otherwise it is difficult to germinate after sowing. As the bamboo forest is generally on the hillside, in order to ensure that the culture material absorbs enough water, it is generally adopted that the culture material is soaked and then planted in the way of planting. Before the raw materials are pre-wetted, they are piled in the vicinity of the planting ground. Different raw materials can be piled and pre-wet separately. Straw can be used to suck enough moisture, that is, raw materials stacked in a flat place, sprayed 2 to 3 times a day, continuous spray 3d ~ 5d, turning the next day.
After the raw material is soaked, the culture material is laid flat on a trampoline. The thickness after the flattening is practical is 20 cm to 30 cm. The seedlings were bred to the size of the pigeon eggs by on-demand method and broadcasted between two layers of materials. The amount of seeds used was 600g to 700g per square meter. Sowing hole deep 5cm ~ 8cm, hole distance 10cm ~ 12cm.
After planting on the spot, it is better to use idyllic soil or paddy soil with loose texture, and the thickness of the cover soil is about 3cm to 5cm.
2.2.2 sowing first, covering soil and then spraying water
If the cultivation scale is large, in order to reduce the amount of labor, it is also possible to sow the seeds first, and then to ensure that the culture material absorbs enough water within 3 days after sowing by means of frequent spraying of water. This can reduce the amount of labor caused by the overweight of raw materials in the process of laying materials, but pay attention to ensure that the culture material absorbs enough water and avoid the loss of the cover layer. Seeding and covering the soil are the same as above.
3 bacteria period management
Due to the generally high topography of bamboo forests, there will be no accumulation of water, and it is only necessary to pay attention to spraying water in a timely manner during continuous sunny days to prevent the cultivation materials from drying out during the germination period. Within 1 month after sowing, it is not appropriate to spray water directly on the bed of bacteria. For replenishment, irrigation can be done in the ditch. If water is sprayed on the bed, it must be sprayed with fine water to prevent moisture from flowing into the material.
4 Fruiting entity formation and harvesting period management
The fruit body formation phase focuses on moisturizing and enhancing ventilation ventilation. Take a light spray method to promote its mushrooming. When the fungal membrane of fruiting body is not broken or just open, when the cap is bell-shaped or the edge of the cap is inrolled, it is harvested. When harvesting, care should be taken to avoid loosening the surrounding mushroom buds. After harvesting mushrooms, the hole left on the bacteria bed should be promptly filled and the mushroom residue should be removed.
5 Pest control
Pest control, to prevent mainly. Agricultural control, physical protection and metallurgy, chemical control and other methods can be used for comprehensive prevention and control. First of all, the quality of good strains should be selected, quality strains should be selected, and sanitation should be improved. Fresh, dry, and mildew-free raw materials should be selected. Before the cultivation, the raw materials should be exposed for 2 days to 3 days, and the comatus should be removed in time. After the occurrence of green mold, the lesions on the bacteria bed should be removed and taken to a place far away from the cultivation site, and lime water should be sprayed on and around the affected area.
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