The cultivation of autumn cucumbers in greenhouses has high yield, good efficiency, and low cultivation difficulty. It is one of the main cornices for cucumber cultivation.
First, nursery
1. Variety selection. Select high-quality products with high temperature resistance and high humidity in the early stage and low temperature adaptation in the later period, such as Jinyou No.11, Jinlu No.1, Jinyou No.12, and Nongdaqiu shed No.1.
2. Sowing period. The cucumbers are cultivated for postponed supply and generally harvested 35-45 days after sowing. All areas should be planted timely according to local climatic conditions and cornice arrangements. Seeding early, seedlings catch up with high temperatures and rain, the disease is relatively heavy, although the early production is high, but at the same time with the open autumn cucumber market, is not conducive to delay the supply, but also affect the output value. When sowing late, the temperature dropped sharply in the late growth period, affecting the production in the middle and later periods and lowering the output value. The cultivation period of cucumbers in autumn greenhouses can not be less than 100 days, otherwise the economic benefits are poor.
3. Do the earthwork. After the harvest of the first crop in the greenhouse, it is necessary to remove the fallen leaves in time to reduce the pests and diseases, and to apply the base fertilizer to the farm fertilizer to be mixed with diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer. A sufficient maturity of 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer can be applied per acre. Or full-bodied bio-organic fertilizer 1,000 kilograms, and apply 100-150 kilograms of lime. More use of deep ditch sorghum, easy to drain seedlings, generally made of 1.3 meters wide pods (grooves) planted two lines, rake height 25-30 cm.
4. sowing and nursery. The use of live broadcasting or nursery can be delayed in the autumn greenhouses, but it is still better by live broadcasting. Sowing is easy, once completed, eliminating the trouble of transplanting seedlings. At the same time, there are no concerns about transplanting roots, and the seedlings are strong and die young. Line spacing 65 cm, spacing 25-30 cm, according to row spacing ditch, ditch 3-4 cm depth, pouring foot bottom water, with the pouring with the broadcast, every 7-8 cm seed 1-2 dry seeds, generally do not soak the seed germination After sowing, the soil was covered with fish to form a back and slightly suppressed. Or open the hole by line spacing, sowing 3-4 seeds per hole, sowing the soil after sowing, a little suppression, then watering. However, if the shed before the crop grows well and cannot be dumped in time, it can be covered with a silver-gray shade net to cool and moisten the concentrated seedlings. However, it is best to use a nursery to raise seedlings. The seedling age should not be too large.
5. Seedling management. After 3-4 days of cucumber sowing, the soil is raised and the dense seedlings are to be removed. After a week out of the seedlings, the first time the seedlings are to be planted, and after the first true leaf grows, the second time the seedlings are planted. , grow up to 3-4 true leaves can be set by seedlings. In addition, live cucumber can easily cause seedling deficiency, and it is necessary to make up the seedlings in time. It can be used to ensure seedlings in the early morning or evening, and pay attention to pouring enough water when filling seedlings. Afterwards, water once a day until the seedlings live. Cucumbers for raising seedlings must be irrigated before transplanting to facilitate raising seedlings and soil. After transplanting, they should be watered once every morning and evening until the seedlings live.
Second, field management
1. Temperature management. The climate characteristics of the cultivation of autumn cucumbers in greenhouses are: high temperature in early stage, hot and rainy; the temperature in the later period drops sharply, and the temperature changes inside and outside the shed are more severe. To master the four stages of temperature management, namely 26 °C -30 °C in the morning, 20 °C -25 °C in the afternoon, 15 °C -20 °C in the middle of the night, 12 °C -15 °C in the second half of the night. It should be controlled by releasing the air, closing the air outlet, and covering the cover. If the temperature is not high or when it is cloudy, when it reaches 30°C in the morning, let it be a small breeze at noon. Night winds should be released at night when the temperature is high. In the morning on sunny days, we must spend nearly 30 minutes in the morning. Wipe the shed film every day, increase the light, and cover the grass in winter to increase the temperature.
2. Fertilizer management. In the root melon sit 50% -60%, and nearly 10 centimeters long when the water began to pour melon, the first three or four water without fertilizer, after the water with fertilizer.
3. Hormonal treatment. In some areas, to increase the number of female flowers and prevent leggy seedlings, they often use growth hormone ethephon treatment. Generally, when the seedling grows up to a large leaf, the cucumber seedlings are sprayed with ethephon at a concentration of 100 ppm and sprayed twice every two days for a total of three injections. But pay attention to the concentration, the concentration is too high, prone to flowering, slow growth; the effect is too low concentration is not obvious. In addition, it should be used in the morning to avoid high temperature spraying at midday to produce phytotoxicity.
4. Pest control. The common diseases of cucumber in autumn greenhouses are downy mildew, epidemic disease, keratopathia, leaf blight and marginal blight. In addition to aphids and tea saponins, leaf miners and cabbage caterpillars have also developed in recent years. For a variety of pests and diseases to prevent the main, pay attention to observation and timely prevention and treatment.
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