I. Variety selection
Protected cultivation of large cherries, the principle of species selection:
1. Select a species with a shorter natural dormancy period. The shorter the natural dormancy period, the greater the potential for early maturation. The amount of cold required for sweet cherry varieties is generally 600 to 1440 hours, which varies depending on the variety.
2. Select a short fruit development period. Early maturing varieties can play a role in facilitating cultivation. Try to choose a compact type to facilitate greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation and reduce the investment in the construction of the facility.
3, the selection of flowers more cold-resistant varieties. In spite of the protection of facilities, because the flowering period is ahead of schedule, the temperature outside the shed is low, and in case of severe weather or management negligence, the temperature inside the shed is prone to fluctuate, and it is safer to use varieties with strong cold resistance during the flowering period. Like the open field cultivation, it is necessary to select varieties that have good quality and large fruit, are beautiful in appearance, are generally accepted by consumers, and have strong resistance to pests and diseases.
Production can use Zhifu red, Laiyang dwarf cherry. Zhifu Red Tree is a strong tree with thick branches and relatively compact tree shape. The result is early and the yield is high and stable. It is the most important variety for protection cultivation. The Laiyang Dwarf Sakura cherry tree is a robust dwarf tree with a short crown, strong adaptability, and early fruiting results. It is the most suitable dwarf species for Chinese cherries that are most suitable for conservation cultivation. The results of the Dawo Lou leaves are early, the yield is good, and it is more resistant to storage and transportation. In addition, Red Onyx, Red Light, Sato Mian, Hongyan, Italy Zaohong, Jiahong, etc. are all very well protected cultivars.
Second, the method of colonization
1. Scientifically configured pollination tree
Due to the high humidity in protected cultivation air, it is not conducive to loose powder, so the proportion of pollination varieties must be higher to meet the pollination. The ratio of the main cultivars to the pollination cultivars is 2 to 1, and the best pollination cultivars are 2 or more. For example, the main planting and pollination varieties each accounted for 1/2, and the pollination varieties had two each for 1/4. At the same time pollination varieties are best interspersed between the main planting lines.
2, suitable planting
The northern region is cold, arid, windy in winter, and it is easy to lose water in the autumn and spring planting is better. In general, soil should be planted as soon as possible after thawing. Lunan area is mostly carried out in the middle of March and the beginning of mid-April. The southern region is warm and humid, and it is better to plant leaves before freezing and before planting than during spring.
3, the election of planting
Protected areas of sweet cherries should be planted in high-lying land without water, leeward, irrigating, convenient and fertile soil. Avoid construction of land with heavy, saline and clay lands. If the land is built on a flat ground and ridge planting is advocated, the topsoil, middle soil and fully decomposed organic fertilizer (30% of the total used amount) can be mixed, and the ridges can be piled up. The ridge height is not less than 30 cm and the ridge width is 50-50. 80 cm, the cherry seedlings were planted on the ridges and covered with a plastic film.
4, suitable density
If the Chinese cherry Laiyang dwarf cherry tree is used as the main planting cultivar, the plant spacing should be 1.5 m2.5 m; if the Laiyang dwarf cherry tree is used as the rootstock, the big sweet cherry should be the main cultivar, and the row spacing should be (2～2.5). m (3 ~ 3.5) m is suitable. Soil fertility and growth potential varieties, such as the red light and other plant spacing should be larger; soil fertility is lower and grow more moderate species such as Zhifu red, Sato jin and other plant spacing can be smaller. Shanxi fruit trees in production should be SHANXIFRUITS 2013 (3) according to the specific circumstances, select the appropriate row spacing.
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